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BEIJING, July 15 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) announced Friday that a group of international scientists has finished sequencing the genetic code of the potato.The Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC), which is led by Chinese scientists and made up of 97 researchers from 14 countries, has sequenced the complete potato genome and published a report of its findings in the latest issue of the scientific journal Nature, said the CAAS.The research took six years and revealed that the potato contains about 39,000 genes, said the CAAS.Qu Dongyu, a potato farming specialist with the Crop Science Society of China and a promoter of the PGSC, said the study helped discover genes that define the growth and insect resistance of potatoes.The sequenced genome will enable scientists to create new varieties of potato that are high in yield and quality and more resistant to insects and diseases, he said.Huang Sanwen, a researcher with the CAAS and one of the three corresponding authors of the report, said the sequencing will also allow potato breeders to accelerate the breeding process of new seeds from 10 to 12 years to about 5 years.China is the world's top potato grower, with its farmers planting potatoes on nearly 90 million mu (6 million hectares) of land each year. The average yield per mu stands at 1,000 kg, only one-third of that harvested by countries with advanced technologies, Qu said.

LOS ANGELES, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The Aquarius/SAC-D observatory, NASA's first ever satellite to study the saltiness of Earth's oceans, is in excellent health after its launch early Friday, initial telemetry reports showed.The observatory rocketed into space from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket at 7:20:13 a.m. PDT (10:20:13 a.m. EDT).Less than 57 minutes later, the observatory separated from the rocket's second stage and began activation procedures, establishing communications with ground controllers and unfurling its solar arrays, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.During the next 25 days, the Aquarius/SAC-D service platform will be tested and maneuvered into its final operational, near-polar orbit 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Science operations will begin after the observatory's instruments are checked out. This commissioning phase may last up to 65 days, JPL said.Aquarius will map the global open ocean once every seven days for at least three years with a resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The maps will show how ocean surface salinity changes each month, season and year. Scientists expect to release preliminary salinity maps later this year."Aquarius is a critical component of our Earth sciences work, and part of the next generation of space-based instruments that will take our knowledge of our home planet to new heights," said NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver. "The innovative scientists and engineers who contributed to this mission are part of the talented team that will help America win the future and make a positive impact across the globe."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing thermal microwave emissions from the water's surface with three microwave instruments called radiometers. When other environmental factors are equal, these emissions indicate the saltiness of surface water. A microwave radar scatterometer instrument will measure ocean waves that affect the precision of the salinity measurement.Because salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, Aquarius will be able to detect changes as small as approximately two parts per 10,000, equivalent to about one-eighth of a teaspoon of salt in a gallon of water."Data from this mission will advance our understanding of the ocean and prediction of the global water cycle," said Michael Freilich, director of NASA's Earth Science Division in the Science Mission Directorate at agency headquarters in Washington. "This mission demonstrates the power of international collaboration and accurate spaceborne measurements for science and societal benefit. This would not be possible without the sustained cooperation of NASA, CONAE and our other partners."The Aquarius/SAC-D (Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas) observatory is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina's space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).Aquarius was built by NASA's JPL and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida manages the launch.JPL will manage Aquarius through its commissioning phase and archive mission data. Goddard will manage Aquarius mission operations and process science data. CONAE is providing the SAC-D spacecraft, optical camera, thermal camera with Canada, microwave radiometer, sensors from various Argentine institutions and the mission operations center. France and Italy also are contributing instruments.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- Facebook said it is overhauling its privacy settings to give members easier, more precise control over who sees posts, photos and other content over the vast social network.Starting Thursday, Facebook is rolling out new privacy tools that are placed with each piece of content, replacing options that are now buried in overall account settings.Privacy has been a consistently sticky problem for the Palo Alto firm, which has felt the heat from privacy advocates and government regulators. And recently, Facebook faced stiffer competition from Google's new Google+ social network, which was hailed for including a "circles" feature with easy-to-use privacy settings.Instead of vague labels such as "everyone," which have been mistaken for a Facebook member's social network instead of anyone on the Internet, the new system will include more precise words such as "public.""You have told us that 'who can see this?' could be clearer across Facebook, so we have made changes to make this more visual and straightforward," Chris Cox, Facebook's vice president of product, said in blog post."The main change is moving most of your controls from a settings page to being inline, right next to the posts, photos and tags they affect. Plus there are several other updates here that will make it easier to understand who can see your stuff (or your friends') in any context," Cox said.While privacy advocates reserved judgment until the new settings are actually released, they were optimistic the changes will benefit consumers."These changes do make me feel very confident in the direction that Facebook is going and the way they are thinking about privacy," said Erica Newland, policy analyst for the Center for Democracy & Technology in Washington, D.C.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhuanet)-- A new study shows that a diet rich in cholesterol-friendly foods, such as soy products and tree nuts, can decrease LDL (bad) cholesterol significantly, according to media reports on Tuesday.The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who ate a healthy diet filled with cholesterol-lowering foods experienced a 13 percent decrease in their LDL cholesterol levels.For patients with high levels of so-called bad cholesterol, doctors usually have two prescriptions: cholesterol-lowering statin drugs and a diet that cuts out foods high in saturated fat, such as ice cream, red meat and butter.But the new study found that when it comes to lowering artery-clogging cholesterol, what you eat may be more important than what you don't eat.David Jenkins of St. Michael's Hospital and the University created the "portfolio diet," which includes regular consumption of tree nuts and high amounts of fiber from oats, barley and vegetables. The diet, which replaces butter with plant sterol-enriched margarine and substitute soy-based products for meat, allows maximum benefit in lowering cholesterol and preventing heart disease. "The study highlighted the power of food to lower risk for cardiovascular disease: What you do eat and what you don't eat are both important," said Dr. Jane Klauer, a New York internist specializing in metabolism and nutrition.A high overall cholesterol level makes a person nearly twice as likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke as someone whose total cholesterol falls into a healthy range.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, but less than 4 percent of U.S. hospitals provide the full range of support mothers need for breastfeeding, according to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuesday.Improving rates of breastfeeding by providing better hospital support to mothers and babies is an important strategy to improve children's health, including a reduced risk of childhood obesity, the monthly Vital Signs report said."Hospitals play a vital role in supporting a mother to be able to breastfeed," it said."Those first few hours and days that a mom and her baby spend learning to breastfeed are critical. Hospitals need to better support breastfeeding, as this is one of the most important things a mother can do for her newborn. Breastfeeding helps babies grow up healthy and reduces health care costs," it added.The report found only 14 percent of hospitals have a written and model breastfeeding policy.It also found in nearly 80 percent of hospitals, healthy breastfeeding infants are given formula when it is not medically necessary, a practice that makes it much harder for mothers and babies to learn how to breastfeed and continue breastfeeding at home.Additionally, only one-third of hospitals practise rooming in, which helps mothers and babies learn to breastfeed by allowing frequent chances to breastfeed.Finally, the report found in nearly 75 percent of hospitals, mothers and babies don't get the support they need when they leave hospitals, including a follow-up visit, a phone call from hospital staff and referrals to lactation consultants, and other important support systems in their communities.