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The Trump administration is promising one of the largest fireworks displays in recent memory in Washington on July Fourth. It also plans to give away as many as 300,000 face masks to those who come down to the National Mall for the festivities, although they won't be required to wear them. This is despite concerns from D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser, who warns that the plans run counter to established health guidelines. Interior Secretary David Bernhardt on Wednesday detailed President Donald Trump's plans for Independence Day in the nation's capital and said they include a mile-long detonation of 10,000 fireworks. Trump and first lady Melania Trump plan to host events on Saturday from the White House south lawn and from the Ellipse.Additionally, military planes will conduct flyovers in a handful of major cities along the East Coast as part of this year’s July Fourth celebration. The Pentagon says roughly 1,700 service members will support a salute to the “Great Cities of the American Revolution.” The flyovers will begin in Boston and proceed to New York City, Philadelphia and Baltimore. Washington has held an Independence Day celebration for decades, featuring a parade along Constitution Avenue, a concert on the Capitol lawn with music by the National Symphony Orchestra and fireworks beginning at dusk near the Washington Monument.President Donald Trump plans to kick off Independence Day festivities with a showy display at Mount Rushmore the day before. When he speaks at the Mount Rushmore, he’ll stand before a crowd of thousands of people who won't be required to socially distance or wear masks despite the coronavirus pandemic. The event will include fighter jets thundering over the 79-year-old stone monument in South Dakota’s Black Hills and the first fireworks display there since 2009.Public health experts are warning of the risk that it could help the coronavirus to spread. And others say the fireworks will put the forest around the monument at risk to wildfires. 2003

The U.S. surpassed 200,000 deaths linked to COVID-19 on Tuesday, according to a database kept by Johns Hopkins University.The deaths — all of which have occurred since February — out-total the number of Americans lost to World War I, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War combined.The 200,000 deaths are the most of any country around the world. Brazil currently ranks behind the U.S., with about 137,000 deaths.According to Johns Hopkins the U.S. also has among the highest COVID-19 mortality rates in the world. About 61 Americans per 100,000 have died of COVID-19. That ranks sixth in the world and in the company of countries like Spain (65.27) and Mexico (58.24)The U.S. also leads the world with 6.8 million confirmed cases of COVID-19. India (5.5 million), Brazil (4.5 million) and Russia (1.1 million) are the only other countries with at least 1 million confirmed cases of the virus.Johns Hopkins reports that daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 dropped throughout the month of August. However, case rates have ticked up throughout September, and top health experts like Dr. Anthony Fauci are bracing for a difficult winter.Earlier this month, Fauci warned that a wintertime surge could be possible as weather forces Americans indoors and cities begin relaxing COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Health officials have warned that large indoor gatherings can result in COVID-19 superspreader events.The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington — a model often used by the White House — currently projects that an additional 175,000 Americans will die of the virus by Jan. 1. That projection could drop to as little as 65,000 additional deaths with a universal mask mandate and could increase to as many as 225,000 additional deaths with easing restrictions. 1838

The topics to be discussed during the first presidential debate next week include “the integrity of the election,” according to the official list released Tuesday by the nonpartisan Commission on Presidential Debates.President Donald Trump and Former Vice President Joe Biden will face-off for the first time on September 29 in Cleveland. Chris Wallace, a host on Fox News, will moderate the debate.The debate will have six, 15-minute segments. Wallace selected the topics, not necessarily to be brought up in this order:The Trump and Biden RecordsThe Supreme CourtCovid-19The EconomyRace and Violence in our CitiesThe Integrity of the ElectionThis list is subject to change before the debate if there are large news developments.The debate on September 29 will be held at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. This debate was originally scheduled to take place at the University of Notre Dame, however they withdrew citing coronavirus pandemic concerns.Trump and Biden will debate two more times, on October 15 and 22. Vice President Mike Pence and Senator Kamala Harris will have their debate on October 7. 1130

The U.S. regulators who will decide the fate of COVID-19 vaccines are taking an unusual step: Asking outside scientists if their standards are high enough.The Food and Drug Administration may have to decide by year’s end whether to allow use of the first vaccines against the virus. Thursday, a federal advisory committee pulls back the curtain on that decision process, debating whether the guidelines FDA has set for vaccine developers are rigorous enough.“We will not cut corners, and we will only use science and data to make that determination,” FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn pledged at a meeting of the Milken Institute Wednesday.Exactly how much data his agency needs to be sure a vaccine is safe and effective is a key question for the advisers. An even bigger one: If the FDA allows emergency use of a vaccine before final testing is finished, will that destroy chances of ever learning just how well that shot -- and maybe competitors still being studied -- really work?“We can’t lose sight of the fact that it is in our societal interest to see these trials to completion,” said Dr. Luciana Borio, a former FDA acting chief scientist who will be watching the advisers’ debate.Plus, multiple vaccines are being studied -- shots made with different technologies that each have pros and cons.“The first vaccine is not necessarily the best vaccine,” cautioned Dr. M. Miles Braun, a former FDA scientist now with Georgetown University School of Medicine. If the trials aren’t allowed to finish, it may be difficult or impossible to ever know for sure.It’s a critical moment in FDA’s 114-year history. The government has spent billions to race a vaccine through a research process that usually takes years, and FDA faces unprecedented pressure from the Trump administration, fueling public skepticism that politics could overrule science.Interest is so high, FDA is airing the meeting on YouTube. Here are some key issues the committee will discuss:HOW MUCH EVIDENCE IS NEEDED?FDA is requiring manufacturers to do studies of at least 30,000 people to prove if a vaccine protects and how safe it is. Those studies must include adequate numbers of people at highest risk from COVID-19 -- older adults, minorities and anyone with underlying health problems.FDA has made clear that any vaccine must be at least 50% effective. And while the studies are designed to run for two years, companies may get enough evidence the shots are protective -- in at least some people -- to stop the trials early and seek what’s called an “emergency use authorization” for wider vaccinations.Despite White House objections, the FDA told vaccine makers earlier this month not to seek that speedier review until they’ve tracked at least half their trial participants for two months. With other vaccines, that’s about the amount of time when major side effects crop up.That’s not long enough, said the head of the non-profit ECRI Institute, which reviews medical technology for hospitals and insurers. In comments submitted to the advisory committee, ECRI’s Dr. Marcus Schabacker said FDA should require six months of follow-up.“Doing any less would simply risk too much, and the consequences may be severe,” he wrote. “A weak vaccine that loses public trust could poison the well for epidemic control for many years.”WOULD EMERGENCY USE DERAIL FULL ANSWERS ABOUT VACCINES?Normally when a study ends because of evidence that a vaccine is working, the participants who got dummy shots are offered the real thing.But if FDA allows emergency use of a COVID-19 vaccine, that’s not the same as having full proof the shot works, Borio cautioned.And if the participants in the placebo group are immediately offered the real shot, researchers may not be able to get answers about all the high-risk groups in the study — or tell how long the vaccine’s protection lasts, a process expected to take many more months.But Pfizer Inc., which with Germany’s BioNTech is developing one of the leading candidates, told FDA that if it’s granted emergency use authorization, it “would have an ethical obligation” to alert study participants who got a placebo and allow them vaccine access. The company wants FDA to look into “other scientifically and statistically sound methods” to determine long-term safety and effectiveness.Pfizer’s stance is likely to face pushback. The Infectious Diseases Society of America states that FDA’s panelists “should insist” that vaccine developers “present a compelling case” for how they will complete their trials if FDA grants early authorization of their vaccine.Clearing a vaccine based on premature or faulty data “could cause more harm” by “further eroding public confidence in all vaccines,” the group said.It’s an unprecedented dilemma. The FDA has previously allowed emergency use of only one vaccine, a decades-old shot that in 2005 was authorized to prevent anthrax poisoning.This time around, multiple COVID-19 vaccines are in the pipeline. Pfizer competitor Johnson & Johnson cautioned that early FDA clearance of one vaccine could “jeopardize integrity” of other ongoing trials if patients decide to drop out to seek the first cleared shot instead.The company asked regulators to explain what options are available to ensure completion of all ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials.WHAT ABOUT LONG-TERM SAFETY MONITORING?Even a study of 30,000 people cannot spot a side effect that only strikes 1 in 100,000. So the government is planning extra scrutiny of every COVID-19 vaccine to hit the market.At first there will be limited doses given to just certain high-risk people -- and those early recipients are to get text messages daily for the first week after vaccination, and then weekly out to six weeks, asking how they’re feeling.FDA also will be checking databases of electronic health records and insurance claims, looking for any red flags.“There’s a kind of tracking that has to take place here on a massive basis that hasn’t taken place before,” said Dr. Jesse Goodman of Georgetown University, a former director of the FDA’s vaccine and biologics center.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6274

The Scripps National Spelling Bee has released the 27 titles that are on its 2020-21 Great Words, Great Works booklist.The list of books is for students that span from first to eighth grade and will help students prep for their annual school spelling bee with a list of 450 words that are on the School Spelling Bee Study List each year."Parents and teachers are always looking (especially during the summer) for reading suggestions for kids," The Scripps National Spelling Bee said. "The Scripps National Spelling Bee recognizes the important connection between reading and spelling. Before our competitors were great spellers, they were great readers. With that in mind, the Bee team intentionally selected its school-level spelling study words from engaging, age-appropriate books. The Bee organized those titles into the Great Words, Great Works book list. This year, students can expand their vocabularies and their world views while hearing from a diverse cast of characters on topics such as climate change, homelessness, immigration, gender identity, and the power of dreaming. Messages of friendship, hope, and overcoming adversity connect all 27 books, creating bridges between different cultures and life experiences."Here is a sampling of this year's Great Words, Great Works list:Sulwe by Lupita Nyong’oThe Dog Who Lost His Bark by Eoin ColferAda Twist and the Perilous Pants by Andrea BeatyWhales on Stilts by M.T. AndersonA Monster Like Me by Wendy S. SworeNo Fixed Address by Susin NielsenLily and Dunkin by Donna GephartThe Bone Houses by Emily Lloyd-JonesFor a Muse of Fire by Heidi HeiligThe Silmarillion by J.R.R. TolkienThe complete list is available on the Bee’s website. 1701