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At 3 p.m. ET on Monday, November 26, a group of researchers will be really sweating. The NASA InSight spacecraft will try to land on Mars.After six months of flight, the lander component of the probe will detach itself from the cruise stage and head into the atmosphere. The lander component initially looks a fair bit like the re-entry capsule used in the 1960s and 1970s for the Apollo moon missions -- sort of conical, with a smooth and flat bottom. That bottom is a crucial heat shield that is designed to protect the probe as it passes through the thin Martian atmosphere.The landing is a devilishly difficult feat. The landing capsule has to batter its way through the atmosphere. It will fly through the Martian air at an initial speed of 12,300 mph, and it must hit the atmosphere at an angle of precisely 12 degrees. Any shallower, and the probe will bounce off into deep space. Any steeper, and the probe will burn itself up in a spectacular and fiery death. The probe will first touch the atmosphere six minutes and 45 seconds before landing. During this phase, it will experience acceleration 12 times that of the Earth's gravity. Were the probe a 150-pound human, during the flaming descent, it would weigh nearly a ton.About 3? minutes after the probe hits the atmosphere, a parachute will deploy, slowing down the probe even more. Fifteen seconds later, explosives will blow the heat shield off, exposing the actual InSight probe hidden inside. Ten seconds after the heat shield falls away, the probe will extend its legs, much like an airplane extends its wheels before touching down.The probe will fall for an additional two minutes attached to the parachute and protected by its conical shell. About 45 seconds before InSight lands, it will drop out of the shell and fall toward the surface. As soon as it leaves the shell, its landing rockets will ignite.The actual InSight probe looks a little bit like the Apollo moon lander, with three legs to support it and a boxy top. The rockets will slow it further and stop any remaining horizontal motion. Then, about 15 seconds before touchdown, the InSight probe will descend at a speed of 8 feet per second, before hopefully touching down gently on the Martian surface.The entire landing sequence will take about seven minutes to occur. A radio signal from Mars to Earth currently takes about eight minutes and seven seconds to get here. So the complete landing process will take place before we find out if it was successful. It will be done automatically, entirely by the probe itself. For the scientists and engineers who designed InSight, this is called "seven minutes of terror."And they are right to be worried. Mars is a graveyard of failed probes. There have been 44 attempts by various national space agencies to land on Mars. Eighteen have been successful. Twenty-three have not. Three have achieved orbit but failed at a landing.So, what does InSight hope to achieve? Well, as it happens, a lot. But it's different than the intrepid Curiosity probe, which NASA landed in 2012. InSight will not move around. Instead, it will stay put and tell us of the interior of Mars.One thing it will do is emit radio waves that we can monitor on Earth. By making careful measurements of how the frequency of the radio waves change, we will be able to measure the degree to which Mars wobbles as it rotates. That will tell us something about the core of the planet, specifically its makeup and information on the degree to which it is molten.InSight will also deploy a seismometer to listen for marsquakes (like earthquakes, but Martian-style) and for impacts of meteors on the planet. Information gleaned from the waves the seismometer detects will tell us more about the planet's interior.The third thing InSight will do is to dig below the planet's surface. Using a jackhammer, the probe will drill down 5 meters (16 feet) into the planet and, basically, it will take the planet's temperature.There are many reasons this is interesting. Taking the temperature at that depth will allow planetary scientists to determine how much heat is escaping from Mars. More broadly, this measurement will allow a clear determination of the temperature of the planet much closer to the core.This information will tell us a lot about how Mars formed, which, in turn, will add to the information of how rocky planets, including our own Earth, typically develop.And if you're more of an explorer kind of person and not so interested in Martian geology, it will also tell us how warm the planet is at modest depths, which will tell us if there is any chance of liquid water on the planet. Perhaps obviously, if the Martian subsurface is warm enough, any buried water will be in liquid form and not ice. Finding liquid water would be the key discovery that would make Martian exploration relatively easy. A relatively recent possible discovery of a buried Martian lake was promising, but the data was not conclusive. Knowing that the ground is warm would be very comforting to possible future explorers.Exploring the solar system is the first step toward exploring the stars. The InSight probe will give us --well -- insight into whether this is something that humanity will achieve in the foreseeable future.And maybe Elon Musk's bet on him getting to Mars will become true. 5329

Attorneys for the family of Breonna Taylor have agreed to a million wrongful death settlement with the city of Louisville, Kentucky, officials said in a press conference Tuesday.According to Ben Crump, an attorney for the family of Breonna Taylor, the settlement was the largest sum paid out to the family of a Black woman killed during an interaction with a police officer.In the settlement, the Louisville Metro Police Department also agreed to make several policy changes. Those policy changes include:Requiring a commanding officer to approve search warrants before a judge approves them.Implementing an "early warning" system to detect unnecessary use of force among officers.Operational changes regarding officers placed on leave.Implementing a program that offers housing credits to police officers to encourage them to live in the city limits.Offering officers an extra two hours of paid time for community engagement.Expanded drug and alcohol testing within the department.Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer said later that the city did not admit any wrongdoing as part of the settlement.Attorneys for Palmer's family thanked Fischer for his administration's work in reaching a settlement. But they also called on state officials to press ahead with charges against the police officers involved in the March 13 shooting that left her dead."It's time to move forward with the criminal charges," said Tamika Palmer, Breonna Taylor's mother.Ben Crump, an attorney representing Taylor's family and the families of victims several other high-profile police shootings, also called on Kentucky Attorney General Daniel Cameron to charge the officers involved, saying the officers should be charged "immediately, this week."Thursday's presser closed with some in attendance shouting chants of "say her name" and "arrest the cops."The settlement is the result of a wrongful death lawsuit filed by Taylor's family. Breonna Taylor was shot and killed when plain-clothes narcotics detectives entered her apartment to serve a warrant.Taylor's boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, says he fired a "warning shot" at the officers, thinking they were intruders. Officers then responded by firing dozens of bullets, leaving Taylor dead.Walker was later arrested and charged after an officer was injured in the shooting. Charges against Walker were eventually dropped.Walker has maintained that while police did knock on the door prior to entering, officers did not identify themselves before attempting to enter Taylor's apartment. Some neighbors have also said that they did not hear police announce themselves before entering the residence.Taylor's death has already prompted a ban on "no-knock warrants" in Louisville. Sen. Rand Paul, R-Kentucky, has also introduced a bill that would ban such warrants nationally.Taylor's death has been a flashpoint for protesters calling for an end of police brutality and systemic racism. Athletes and entertainers have publicly called for the arrest of the officers who were involved in the raid on Taylor's apartment.One officer involved in the shooting, Det. Brett Hankinson, has been fired from the department. None of the officers have been charged with a crime. 3194

August is usually an exciting time to be an educator, as Teachers start decorating their classrooms and preparing for a new group of students.This year, however, many teachers are experiencing a new set of emotions.“My colleagues are fearful,” said Tanya Kitts-Lewinski, president of the Kenosha Education Association in Wisconsin.Kitts-Lewinski says many teachers are fearful of returning to campus during the COVID-19 crisis. Now, she’s calling out the safety of teaching during this pandemic, even virtually, saying some schools are requiring teachers to teach online from inside a classroom.“We can’t serve our students if we’re sick,” she said.Now a local law firm is preparing for the worst by offering free wills to teachers returning to classrooms."People are very scared, and this is the one thing I can do to help this group, and I'm committed to doing as much as I can," said Jim Brzezinski, a partner at Tabak Law in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Brzezinski came up with this idea after talking with his wife, who is also a teacher. After posting this service online, the response was overwhelming."Within 12 hours of opening up this to teachers, we got about 300 requests within the first 12 hours," he said.We reached out to the Kenosha Unified School District, but they wouldn't talk on camera. Off camera, they said they plan on returning to school virtually, then reassessing the status of the pandemic and determining if and when it's safe to return to in-person learning."We frankly don't have enough educators to make our classrooms small enough to follow CDC guidelines," Kitts-Lewinski said, adding she won't feel safe returning to the classroom until the virus is fully contained."If we're not alive," she said. "We can't serve our students." 1764

ATLANTA (AP) — The funeral for the Rev. C.T. Vivian, an early and key adviser to the Rev. Martin Luther King, is to be held Thursday. Because of the coronavirus outbreak, the service will be private and open only to family, according to a news release from the C.T. and Octavia Vivian Museum and Archives. It's scheduled for 11 a.m. Thursday at Providence Missionary Baptist Church in Atlanta, and will be streamed live online and broadcast by WSB-TV. Vivian died at home in Atlanta of natural causes at age 95 on Friday, the same day that fellow civil rights leader U.S. Rep. John Lewis died. 601

Average rates on long-term mortgages continue to fall to new record lows, as the key 30-year loan dropped below 3% for the first time in 50 years. The stagnant economic recovery in the face of the coronavirus pandemic is keeping inflation tamped down despite pent-up homebuying demand. Mortgage buyer Freddie Mac says the average rate on the 30-year home loan fell this week to 2.98% from 3.03% last week. These are the lowest levels since Freddie Mac began tracking averages in 1971. The rate averaged 3.81% a year ago.In their update, Freddie Mac says the low rates has led to increased homebuyer demand. Meanwhile, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association, refinancing applications increased recently, about 12 percent in the last week. However, Freddie Mac warns that with an increase in coronavirus cases, the economy can stagnate and cause temporary job layoffs to possibly become permanent. The average rate on the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage declined to 2.48% from 2.51%, from last week. 1008

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