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As scientists learn more about COVID-19, they are realizing that how people react to the virus could be based on the body's response to viruses like common colds.Meharry Medical College President Dr. James Hildreth says some studies are showing some individuals have T-cell responses to COVID-19 even though they never been exposed to it.He is talking about recent research revealing that some people may have immunity defenders called T-cells which could determine how their body reacts to COVID-19.According to the CDC, when the body fights an infection, the immune system remembers what it learned about how to protect the body against that disease.The body will retain a few specific T-cells known as memory cells - that will alert and help the immune system identify and produce antibodies to attack the foreign germ if it enters the body again."Viruses that look alike can sometimes elicit the same kinds of immune responses," said Hildreth.Hildreth says there are six strains of coronavirus that affect humans going back to the 1960s and some result in seasonal common colds.He says if you were infected with one of these viruses in the past it can determine the severity of the toll COVID-19 would take on your body now."There’s the possibility that a response to one of them gives you a partial to another because they have genetic similarities," said Hildreth.Hildreth says this doesn't mean a person has complete immunity to COVID-19."There’s strong evidence that you may not be immune to the virus, but you’ll have an immune response that recognizes SARS partially just because those two viruses look so much alike."Hildreth says this can help with treatments and even vaccinesThis story was originally reported by Kelsey Gibbs at WTVF. 1756

At Allan Hancock College’s Fire Academy, Battalion 146 recently went through some intense rescue scenarios.“Help a brother out. Come on,” shouted an instructor.The person responsible for training the future firefighters is academy coordinator Andy Densmore, who has been in this industry for almost four decades and is retiring at the end of this year.“There’s nothing you can do about it,” he said. “We have to make the change.”Changes due to COVID-19.Since the pandemic hit, academy class sizes have been cut by a third, cadets are screened before they enter the facilities, they socially distance themselves once they’re in and wear masks when they’re not in face pieces.“The nice part is we asked these kids for their commitment the first day that we meet them and we said, ‘there’s only one variable in this entire program and it’s you,’” Densmore said.As Densmore’s career comes to a close during this crisis, Camila Schafer, class president of Battalion 146, is just starting hers.“Whether it’s a pandemic, it’s a fire, it’s a surf rescue, we’ll answer that call,” she said.Schafer says instructors can control all aspects of a cadet’s day while on campus but once they leave the academy, however, cadets are committed to an individual responsibility.“On weekends, we’re studying. we’re hitting the books,” she said. “We’re making sure that we’re not out there putting our battalion in jeopardy and possibly getting this virus.”Employment of firefighters is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations across the country, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistcs.While this fire academy is training with new challenges, Densmore believes smaller class sizes could make cadets like Schafer better prepared than firefighters of the past.“We don’t graduate mediocre,” he said. “Our standards are really, really high. And we exceed what the state requires." 1888

As the coronavirus pandemic surges across the nation and infections and hospitalizations rise, medical administrators are scrambling to find enough nursing help — especially in rural areas and at small hospitals.Nurses are being trained to provide care in fields where they have limited experience. Hospitals are scaling back services to ensure enough staff to handle critically ill patients. And health systems are turning to short-term travel nurses to help fill the gaps.Adding to the strain, experienced nurses are “burned out with this whole (pandemic)” and some are quitting, said Kevin Fitzpatrick, an emergency room nurse at Hurley Medical Center in Flint, Michigan, where several left just in the past month to work in hospice or home care or at outpatient clinics.“And replacing them is not easy,” Fitzpatrick said.As a result, he said, the ER is operating at about five nurses short of its optimal level at any given time, and each one typically cares for four patients as COVID-19 hospitalizations surge anew. Hospital officials did not respond to requests for comment.But the departures are not surprising, according to experts, considering not only the mental toll but the fact that many nurses trained in acute care are over 50 and at increased risk of complications if they contract COVID-19, while younger nurses often have children or other family to worry about.“Who can actually work and who feels safe working are limited by family obligations to protect their own health,” said Karen Donelan, professor of U.S. health policy at Brandeis University’s Heller School for Social Policy and Management. “All of those things have been factors.”Donelan said there is little data so far on how the pandemic, which has killed more than 231,000 people in the country, is affecting nursing overall. But some hospitals had a shortage even before the virus took hold, despite a national rise in the number of nurses over the past decade.With total confirmed coronavirus cases surpassing 9 million in the U.S. and new daily infections rising in 47 states, the need is only increasing.Wausau, Wisconsin-based Aspirus Health Care is offering ,000 signing bonuses for nurses with at least a year of experience and hiring contract nurses through private staffing companies to handle a surge in hospitalizations that prompted the system to almost quadruple the number of beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients.Aspirus, which operates five hospitals in Wisconsin and four in small communities in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, also is moving nurses around between departments and facilities as hot spots emerge, said Ruth Risley-Gray, senior vice president and chief nursing officer at Aspirus.Outside help still is needed, in part because some nurses have gotten sick from or were exposed to the cornavirus during the current wave, which “came with a vengeance” starting in August, Risley-Gray said. At one point in mid-October, 215 staffers were in isolation after showing symptoms or being exposed to someone who tested positive, and some are just starting to return to work.Aspirus recently was able to hire 18 nurses from outside agencies, and may need more if the surge continues.Because the pandemic is surging just about everywhere in the country, hospitals nationwide are competing for the same pool of nurses, offering pay ranging from ,500 a week to more than ,000, said April Hansen, executive vice president at San Diego-based Aya Healthcare, which recruits and deploys travel nurses.She said demand for their services has more than doubled since early in the pandemic when the greatest need was in hot spots like New York and New Jersey and then moved to southern states. In recent weeks the virus has been spiking across the country, with the new hot spots in places like the rural upper Midwest and southern-border communities such as El Paso, Texas.Now placing nurses where they’re needed is “like a giant game of whack-a-mole,” said Hansen, whose company has about 20,000 openings for contract nurses.In North Dakota, where infection rates are exploding, hospitals may cut back on elective surgeries and seek government aid to hire more nurses if things get worse, North Dakota Hospital Association president Tim Blasl said.In Texas, Gov. Greg Abbott recently announced he was sending 75 nurses and respiratory therapists to El Paso to help handle the city’s surge. Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers, meanwhile, issued emergency orders making it easier for nurses from elsewhere to practice in his state and for retired nurses to come back.“This has been a challenge, and we’ve been pleading with the community members to protect themselves and others,” by wearing masks and social distancing, said Aspirus’ Risley-Gray, who said the positivity rate among community members tested by Aspirus rose from under 10% in September to 24% last week.To combat the emotional toll and fatigue that comes with caring for COVID-19 patients, including just donning and removing protective equipment all day, Aspirus has been giving nurses microbreaks and quiet places to get away and collect themselves when they feel overwhelmed.Travel nurses say the need at small hospitals tends to be greater than at larger facilities.Robert Gardner, who’s currently assigned to a hospital in a small town about 20 miles west of Atlanta, said he did search and rescue in the Coast Guard during Hurricane Katrina and the pandemic is “a lot worse.”He worked at a large New Jersey hospital when that state was swamped by the virus in the spring, and now worries that flu season could bring further chaos to hospitals. But he’s determined to stick it out, no matter what.“It’s not even a question,” Gardner said. “Nursing is a calling.” 5727

ATLANTIS, Fla. — A nurse at JFK Medical Center in Atlantic, Florida, gave a unique, inside look at the ups and downs that medical staff experienced this year helping save lives during the coronavirus pandemic.Traveling thousands of miles from Florida, John Paul Rosario proudly shared his vacation pictures from Egypt from the beginning of the year. "It was my girlfriend's birthday, 30th birthday, so we went there, but by the time we got back, everything was closed, and everything was in full swing," Rosario said.PHOTO GALLERY: Click here to look at more of JP's photosLittle did he know, the pictures capturing the next part of his life would be emotional. J.P., as his friends call him, is a COVID-19 ICU nurse who works around the clock with patients who have the coronavirus. He started taking pictures of what happens behind the COVID-19 doors as patients fight for their lives.?J.P. said he often looks at a picture that shows the COVID-19 team rushing in to help a patient on a ventilator. 1009

As school districts across the country prepare to send kids back to school in-person, many bus drivers are voicing concerns about the potential for COVID-19 to spread on school buses, where oftentimes social distancing is nearly impossible.For the better part of 32 years, Cheryl Merritt has driven a school bus in Hanover, Massachusetts. She has driven in every kind of weather condition imaginable, but this is the first year she’ll be driving a bus during a pandemic.“I just want all the kids on the bus to stay safe and the drivers to stay safe. If we have a driver who gets sick, they’re going to be out for at least 14 days,” she lamented, as she turned her bus onto a side street in a residential New England town.Merritt’s concerns are shared by school bus drivers and districts across the country. Many school bus drivers have retired from other professions, meaning their age makes them more susceptible to catching the virus.“I don’t want this, I don’t. I’m not ready to die,” the 61-year-old Merritt said.School buses are presenting a particularly difficult challenge as districts try to send kids back to the classroom. When fully loaded with kids, most school buses fit about 77 students. Cramming students into a bus though would be a perfect place for COVID-19 to spread, so many states are advising bus companies to have only one student per bench. But taking some bus capacity down to about 12 kids means school districts would need to run double or triple the number of trips each day just to pick every child up.Transportation experts say adding more buses would be nearly impossible given a nationwide bus driver shortage, which existed long before the outbreak.“It doesn’t matter what you’re gonna do with kids once you get them to school, you have to get them there first,” explained David Strong, who works with the School Transportation Association of Massachusetts.Strong’s other concern is that kids won’t adhere to social distancing guidelines or mask-wearing requirements once they get onto a bus.“There’s almost no way to realistically social distance on a bus,” he added.To address concerns about the spread of COVID, many school districts are mandating that school buses keep their windows open year-round to help with the flow of air. Some districts are also adding bus monitors to ensure kids, especially elementary school students, are following new guidelines.As for Merritt, she sees herself and other bus drivers as the first line of defense when it comes to keeping COVID-19 out of the classroom.“When you stop to pick up a child look at them, make sure they don’t look sickly or they’re coughing,” she said. 2655

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