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UNITED NATIONS, Sept. 19 (Xinhua) -- As the UN on Monday pursued the world's top killer -- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) -- a leading doctor from the World Health Organization (WHO) called for preventative measures on such chronic diseases to be placed higher on the international agenda."It's not a choice of dealing with it or not, it's an absolute fundamental imperative for development," said Dr. Douglas Bettcher, WHO's director for the Tobacco Free Initiative, told Xinhua in a recent telephone interview.With NCDs already claiming 36 million lives a year -- nearly 100,000 people a day -- the UN Geneva-based health agency, WHO warns that deaths from chronic diseases will continue to climb even faster, amounting to 52 million deaths by 2030.As world leaders on Monday kicked off a two-day high-level meeting to enact a roadmap to attack diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart and lung diseases, it is hoped that the summit on NCDs, which is being called a "once in a generation opportunity," moves to become a "worldwide priority," Bettcher said.Marking the second time in its history that the United Nations General Assembly has ever put a global disease on the table, health experts and world leaders from 193 nations met to avert what the UN has declared a "public health emergency in slow motion. ""It's a make it or break it time for moving forward this very important agenda at this time of global financial crisis," said Bettcher.Calling NCDs the top global killer "by a long shot," Bettcher attributed such rises in deaths partly to the aging of the world's population, rapid urbanization and increased exposure to risk factors, particularly in low-and middle-income countries."This is a landmark meeting," said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon at the opening of the unprecedented meeting. "Three out of every five people on earth die from the diseases that we gather here to address."The last time the UN looked at a health issue under the global microscope on such a high-level was almost a decade ago.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- At least 70 genetic mutations may be involved in the formation of colon cancer, far more than scientists previously thought, a new study suggests.The study by researchers at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center contradicts previous thinking that only a few mutated genes may play a role in the development of colon cancer."The ways we've been treating patients up to now is to just go after one target when we should be going after three to four different pathways simultaneously," said Dr. Jerry W. Shay, vice chairman and professor of cell biology at UT Southwestern.The new study identified 65 candidate genes and at least five passenger genes whose mutations play significant roles in cancer development. Inactivating the function of any of these tumor- suppressing genes led to a key step in cancer development called anchorage-independent growth, meaning cells piled up on top of each other rather than aligning neatly.According to previous studies, there were 151 candidate genes and that mutations in just eight to 15 of them would lead to cancer. There were 700 other genes classified as passenger genes whose mutations were incidental to cancer growth.Current cancer treatments target just one or two known cancer- driver genes. While patients may get transient tumor burden reduction, almost universally tumor growth returns."Those numbers are dead wrong," Dr. Shay said, suggesting a new approach to colon cancer treatments targeting multiple genes and pathways simultaneously.The next step is further research to classify more accurately which genes drive cancer and which are merely passengers, the researchers said.Study findings were published in the July 2011 Cancer Research (Priority Reports).

RIO DE JANEIRO, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Rio de Janeiro has the highest level of air pollution in Brazil, and is more polluted than many other world metropolis like New York, London and Paris, a World Health Organization (WHO) study said Monday.According to the study, which was carried out in 91 countries and regions, the air in Rio's metropolitan area contains 64 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter, over three times the upper limit set by the WHO, which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter.Despite being larger, having a bigger population and more vehicles, Sao Paulo's metropolitan area has less air pollution, with 38 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.According to the WHO, "the largest contributors to urban outdoor air pollution include motor transport, small-scale manufacturers and other industries, burning of biomass and coal for cooking and heating, as well as coal-fired power plants." The organization said that residential wood and coal burning for heating also help increase air pollution, especially in rural areas in the cold months.The WHO expressed concern over air pollution levels in several cities, as some two million people worldwide die annually from conditions resulting from air pollution."Air pollution is a major environmental health issue, and it is vital that we increase efforts to reduce the health burden it creates," said Dr. Maria Neira, WHO's director for Public Health and Environment.According to the study, Ahwaz, Iran, has the most polluted air in the world, with 372 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- The unmanned Shenzhou VIII, part of China's first spacecraft rendezvous and docking mission, will be launched in early November. Niu Hongguang, deputy commander-in-chief of the program, said on Tuesday the launch has not been affected by the postponed lift-off of the Tiangong-1 space module. Tiangong-1 was to enter a low orbit around Earth at the end of August before being met by Shenzhou VIII. However, the departure was pushed back after a satellite failure on Aug 18. Out of safety concerns, Niu said mission commanders ordered a halt to testing at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Tiangong-1 and its carrier rocket, Long March II-F T1. China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, which designed and made the rocket carrier that failed to launch, formed an expert panel to investigate and made modifications. A successful launch of a communication satellite on Sept 19 using the Long March II-C showed the measures worked, Niu said, adding: "We now have confidence in the launch of Tiangong-1." The module is a "simplified" space lab that will not only be a docking target, but will also work as a space experimental platform. It will be unmanned for most of its two years of use, although astronauts will spend time onboard for short periods. After Shenzhou VIII, the country will launch Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X next year to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1. Niu confirmed Shenzhou X will be manned. Tiangong-1 can accommodate two to three astronauts. "Whether Shenzhou IX will be manned is up to the results of the first rendezvous and docking mission," he said. The rocket carrier with Tiangong-1 atop stands 52 meters tall, with a takeoff weight of 493 tons. Tiangong-1 was scheduled for launch in between Sept 27 and 30, but due to weather forecasts that predicted a cold air mass would move into the area of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, it is believed that conditions on Thursday and Friday will be suitable for takeoff.

来源：资阳报