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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- The ministers of Brazil, South Africa, India and China (BASIC) in a Tuesday joint statement urged developed nations to fulfill their commitments and provide funds and technology to help developing nations tackle climate change.Developed nations should honor their commitments, made at the Copenhagen climate change conference in 2009, to provide 100 billion U.S. dollars annually by 2020 and ensure that there will be no funding gaps from 2013 to 2020, according to the statement.Developed nations should also fulfill their pledge to offer 30 billion U.S. dollars in "fast-start funding" to developing nations in order to help them address climate change, the statement said.The ministers agreed that the coming Durban climate change conference should achieve a "comprehensive, fair and balanced outcome" under the principle of common but differentiated responsibility.They called on the conference to clearly establish the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, during which developed country parties to the Kyoto Protocol should undertake quantified emission reduction commitments.The Kyoto Protocol is the cornerstone of climate change and its second commitment period is an essential priority for the success of the Durban conference, according to the statement.H The joint statement was issued following a two-day meeting of ministers from the four nations, also known as the ninth BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change, a mechanism through which the four countries and other developing countries coordinate their efforts in climate change.Representatives of Group 77 countries, island countries and the Arab League also attended the meeting.The Durban conference is scheduled for November. The focus of the conference is expected to be the extension of the Kyoto Protocol and acquiring a commitment from developed countries for the protocol's next period.The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from 2008 to 2012.

ATHENS, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) - A seven- month- old Libyan baby died in an Athens Children's hospital on Friday in the first fatality linked to the H1N1 flu virus of the new year in Greece, local authorities reported.According to local media reports citing Greek doctors who treated the boy, he had been infected with the virus in Libya, where he was diagnosed with common flu and received insufficient therapy, before transferred to Greece.An Ukrainian woman who is being treated in another Greek hospital for pneumonia is the second severe case of the swine flu to be reported in the country this season.Last year deaths caused by the H1N1 virus in Greece climbed exceeded the 100 victims and many more patients were treated for complications caused by the virus which first emerged in 2009 in Asia and developed into a worldwide pandemic.Greek Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (KEELPNO) experts noted that Greece does not face a high risk so far this year, but suggested to people of vulnerable groups that reach up to 1.5 million persons in Greece, to get vaccinated.Last year's high number of fatalities was attributed to the fact that several people who should have been vaccinated, skimped vaccination which is not obligatory.

BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on Saturday held a meeting of senior officials on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in South China Sea.All the participants had in-depth discussion and reached a series of consensus, said a press release posted on the Foreign Ministry's official website (www.fmprc.gov.cn).The meeting concluded that the general situation of South China Sea is peaceful and stable, and appreciated the positive efforts from all concerned sides.The meeting regarded 2011 as a fruitful year with positive progress made in implementing the declaration, and reached consensus on the future works, including to speed up specific cooperation projects, and to host seminars on maritime disaster-relief, environment, rescue and biology research.All the parties agreed to set up experts committees on maritime scientific research, environmental protection, security and rescue, and on the crackdown on cross-border crimes, and to better utilize the China-ASEAN fund on maritime cooperation.

BEIJING, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's official website for booking train tickets received a daily average of more than 1 billion hits during the first week of January, according to a railway official.Hu Yadong, vice minister of railways, said Sunday that the online ticket sales platform has provided consumers with a convenient way to buy tickets. He also addressed complaints about the fairness of the sales process."Train tickets sold online or by telephone have topped 2 million daily, meaning that around one-third of passengers don't have to wait in line at train stations for several hours to get a ticket," Hu said.However, many Chinese have expressed dissatisfaction with the website, with some people unable to get train tickets home for this year's Spring Festival holiday, a major holiday in China.Several customers posted their complaints on popular microblogging website weibo.com, stating that the booking site often failed due to "too many visits at the same time."The Spring Festival holiday is always a difficult time for China's public transportation authorities. A total of 3.16 billion passenger trips are expected during the holiday, up 9.1 percent from a year earlier, of which 235 million trips will be made via the country's railways, up 6.1 percent year-on-year, said Hu.This year's transport rush in the Spring Festival Season started on Sunday and will end on Feb. 16, according to the Ministry of Railways.

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