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With many teachers opting out of returning to the classroom because of the coronavirus, schools around the U.S. are scrambling to find replacements and in some places lowering certification requirements to help get substitutes in the door.Several states have seen surges in educators filing for retirement or taking leaves of absence. The departures are straining staff in places that were dealing with shortages of teachers and substitutes even before the pandemic created an education crisis.Among those leaving is Kay Orzechowicz, an English teacher at northwest Indiana’s Griffith High School, who at 57 had hoped to teach for a few more years. But she felt her school’s leadership was not fully committed to ensuring proper social distancing and worried that not enough safety equipment would be provided for students and teachers.Add the technology requirements and the pressure to record classes on video, and Orzechowicz said it “just wasn’t what I signed up for when I became a teacher.”“Overall, there was just this utter disrespect for teachers and their lives,” she said. “We’re expected to be going back with so little.” When school leaders said teachers would be “going back in-person, full throttle, that’s when I said, ‘I’m not doing it. No.’”Teachers in at least three states have died after bouts with the coronavirus since the start of the new school year. It’s unclear how many teachers in the U.S. have become ill with COVID-19, but Mississippi alone reported 604 cases among teachers and staff.In cases where teachers are exposed to the virus, they could face pressure to return to the classroom. The Trump administration has declared teachers to be “critical infrastructure workers” in guidance that could give the green light to exempting them from quarantine requirements.Throughout Indiana, more than 600 teacher retirements have been submitted since July, according to state data. Although the state gets most of its teacher retirements during the summer, surveys suggest more retirements than usual could happen as the calendar year progresses, said Trish Whitcomb, executive director of the Indiana Retired Teachers Association.“I’ve gotten more (teachers) calling me back saying, ‘Well, I’m going to go ahead and retire,’” Whitcomb said. “Some still wanted to go back in the classroom, but they didn’t think the risk was worth it. They looked at their grandkids and the life they have, and I think they’re saying, ‘I’m just not going to do it.’”In Salt Lake County, Utah, the state’s most populated metropolitan area, more than 80 teachers have either resigned or retired early because of concerns about COVID-19 in schools. More than half of those happened in one of the county’s five school districts, Granite School District. All of the district’s teachers who left were fined ,000 for failing to give 30 days’ notice.Mike McDonough, president of the Granite Education Association teachers union, said the departures stem from frustration over how the schools have reopened. In Granite, most students will return to in-person instruction for four days a week, and there are few opportunities for teachers to instruct solely online.Some teachers waited until the last minute, hoping that the district would change its reopening plan. But checking out of the classroom was “the only way to keep themselves safe,” he said.“Teachers are still scared and overwhelmed,” McDonough said. “I have heard from teachers that are just heartbroken to leave the classroom, but they didn’t feel safe going back. They don’t want that level of risk, and they have no other choice but to get out.”Education leaders in states including Arizona, Kansas, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Texas have said they are bracing for worsening teacher shortages as the pandemic drives away some educators.To try to maintain staffing levels in classrooms, the Missouri Board of Education made it easier to become a substitute teacher under an emergency rule. Instead of the previous requirement — 60 hours of college credit — eligible substitutes now only need to obtain a high school diploma, complete a 20-hour online training course and pass a background check.Iowa responded similarly, relaxing coursework requirements and the minimum working age for newly hired substitutes.In Connecticut, college students have been asked to step in as substitutes. Michele Femc-Bagwell, director of the teacher education program at the University of Connecticut, said the school has been getting requests to use fifth-year graduate students as substitute teachers. Heavy class loads and internship responsibilities, though, limit their availability to one day a week.Many who work as substitutes are retired teachers such as 67-year-old Margaret Henderson, of Phoenix, who said she will not return as she had planned.“I don’t want to get called into a classroom where a teacher has called out because of the virus or to quarantine. ... And we know that’s going to happen more and more,” Henderson said. “There are still uncertainties about the safety of reopening the school buildings. Can you blame (substitutes) for not wanting to go in?”In rural Iowa’s Hinton Community Schools, Hinton High School Principal Phil Goetstouwers said the school is already down to a third of the substitute teachers it had last year. More than half of those are also willing to sub in other districts, he said, making it even more troublesome when teachers are absent.Allen Little, who retired as a math teacher in Sioux City, Iowa, this past spring, said the “complexities” of teaching during the pandemic made him decide to retire three years earlier than he had planned. Although he anticipated returning to work as a part-time substitute this fall, fears about the virus are holding him back. He encouraged his son, who is studying to be a social studies teacher and who considered getting experience as a substitute, to weigh the risks carefully.“We’re thinking about students, our schools, our community with every decision we make,” Little said. “But we also have to think about ourselves and our families. What’s best for us, maybe more and more of us ... is not being inside the classrooms right now.”___Associated Press Writer Pat Eaton-Robb contributed to this report from Hartford, Connecticut.___Casey Smith is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. 6529

While the national debate continues on whether school teachers should be allowed to posses firearms in classrooms, one Pennsylvania school district is moving forward with arming its teachers... with baseball bats. The Millcreek School District, which is located near Erie, announced it is arming up to 500 teachers with baseball bats in case of an active shooter, WICU-TV reported. The district said it spent ,800 on the 16-inch wooden bats. The bats are not quite the same size used in baseball games. Typical baseball bats are at least 30 inches long. The bats will be locked up, and out of the reach of students. WICU reported that the bats were handed to teachers after a day of training, which included lessons on what to do during an active shooting. "We passed them out, with the goal being we wanted every room to have one of these,” Millcreek School District Superintendent William Hall told WICU. “Unfortunately, we're in a day and age where one might need to use them to protect ourselves and our kids."Hall conceded that the bats are largely symbolic, but it gives teachers an option to fight back with. Millcreek Education Association president Jon Cacchione told WICU that he supports teachers having access to bats. "This is a tool to have in the event we have nothing else,” Cacchione told WICU. "Part of the formula now, is to fight back, and so I think the bats that were provided for the staff were symbolic of that.”Hall said that the district is considering other safety improvements to schools, including arming teachers with firearms. The district has been surveying parents on arming teachers with guns, but it is not actively planning on arming teachers.  1760

With coronavirus cases ramping up in a number of US states, more and more US governors have issued mandates to wear masks while in public settings.The continued spike in COVID-19 cases has caused several states to close bars and pause plans to reopen some businesses such as movie theaters.While a number of states had previously mandated masks in many public spaces, several more have been added to the list in recent days. Requiring face coverings are largely being seen as a way to avoid reinstituting stay-at-home orders, which most states implemented during the spring.Researchers from the University of Washington say that a projected 33,000 American lives would be saved between June 23 and October 1 if 95% of the population wore masks in public settings.A study in the Lancet found that the use of masks and respirators by those infected with the virus reduced the risk of spreading the infection by 85%. The authors analyzed data that showed that N95 respirators in healthcare settings were up to 96% effective. Other masks were found to be 77% effective.The following states generally require face coverings to be worn in public:Alabama - July 16Arkansas - July 16California – June 18Colorado - July 17Connecticut – April 20Delaware – May 1District of Columbia – May 16Hawaii - April 17Illinois – April 30Indiana - July 27Kansas - July 3Kentucky - July 10Louisiana - July 13Maine – April 29Maryland – April 18Massachusetts – May 6Michigan - April 24Minnesota - July 25Montana - July 16Nevada – June 24New Jersey - April 10New Mexico – May 15New York – April 15North Carolina – June 26Ohio - July 23Oregon - July 1Pennsylvania – April 18Puerto Rico Rhode Island – May 8Texas - July 2Vermont - August 1Virginia - June 8Washington - June 26West Virginia - July 7Some states, like Ohio and Texas, require mask wearing only in counties where there are high coronavirus case rates. More than a dozen other states have issued recommendations for wearing masks. Some of those states require employees in certain fields to wear a mask while at work. 2059

When United Flight 93 crashed in Shanksville, PA, on Sept. 11, 2001, John Gerula was one of the first on the scene as a volunteer firefighter. The experience inspired John, still in high school, to enlist in the Marines. He shipped out to Iraq two years later, and today he bears the invisible wounds of war.Over the course of 18 months in Fallujah and Operation Phantom Fury, Gerula survived 21 improvised explosive device blasts, resulting in a severe traumatic brain injury that gave him migraines and memory loss, and post-traumatic stress that left him anxious, isolated and abusing alcohol.“I would spend a lot of time by myself at home on my property, just away from people,” Gerula says. “I didn't like large crowds, just the things that brought me back to what caused my issues, the flashbacks and everything.”That all changed this summer when Oliver, Gerula’s service dog, came into his life.”He can sense when I start to breathe heavy, when my heart rate's high, things of that nature, he comes up to me allows me to pet him,” Gerula says. “Since I’ve had Oliver, I’ve not had a drop of alcohol. I gave up drinking altogether. So he has made huge changes in my life.”Gerula and Oliver are among the first four pairs of veterans and service dogs to graduate from American Humane’s “Shelter to Service” program, created to combat the staggering statistics of 20 veterans committing suicide daily due to PTSD and TBI, and the 670,000 dogs euthanized every year in America’s animal shelters.“We saw a great opportunity to uplift the healing power of the human-animal bond by taking incredible dogs who were abandoned, who needed a second chance at life, giving them unbelievable, rigorous training, and then matching them with our veterans, allowing these veterans a chance for healing, hope, compassion, and love,” says American Humane’s President and CEO Robin Ganzert.Ganzert’s organization is currently training its second “Shelter to Service” class while advocating for a bill on Capitol Hill to establish national training standards and speed up the service dog waitlist, which currently runs from 18 to 24 months.And Gerula has a message to veterans seeking the help with their own struggles.“Don't give up,” he says. “The best thing to do is to keep going and just go do every option you can.” 2346

While public health experts have acknowledged the risk for healthy athletes when becoming infected with the coronavirus has been rather low, lingering questions have remained on if the virus causes long-term cardiac damage.Doctors from the Sports and Exercise Cardiology Section of the American College of Cardiology released some of their preliminary findings on the effect the coronavirus has on athletes’ hearts.With college football fully resuming this week with the return of the Pac-12, and college basketball slated to get underway next month, sports are beginning to return to normal amid the pandemic. While some athletes are being frequently tested for the virus, testing alone has not stopped team-wide outbreaks from occurring.Despite there being some limited evidence that the virus causes cardiac injury to athletes, researchers wrote in JAMA that heart damage alone should not be the primary reason to postpone athletic competitions amid the pandemic.“While concerns about the implications of cardiac injury attributable to COVID-19 infection deserve further study, they should not constitute a primary justification for the cancellation or postponement of sports,” the researchers wrote.“Rather than canceling sports because of unsubstantiated concerns about cardiac safety based on limited data of unestablished clinical relevance, this decision should be driven by the need to limit viral spread,” researchers added. “With uncontrolled community transmission, we share concerns with public health officials about risks of increased disease transmission attributable to the resumption of organized sports. Accordingly, the decision to proceed with or delay organized sports should be based on community disease prevalence, coupled with the availability of resources that can be responsibly allocated to identify and prevent new infections among athletes.”The researchers said that initial findings have produced only a handful of cases of cardiac injury, but stressed that more research is needed.“Reports of presumptive myocarditis among several athletes with high profiles have magnified concerns about COVID-19 CV sequelae in athletes,” the researchers wrote. “Our combined experience suggests that most athletes with COVID-19 are asymptomatic to mildly ill, and to date, (return to play) risk stratification has yielded few cases of relevant cardiac pathology. However, we underscore that these observations may not reflect the true prevalence and attendant prognosis of COVID-19 CV involvement in athletes.”As far as what players should do following their 10-day isolation period, assuming they minimal coronavirus symptoms?“We do not advocate for (cardiovascular) risk stratification among athletes who remain completely asymptomatic with prior COVID-19 infection, following completion of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guided self-isolation,” the researchers wrote. “Given the current lack of published data, consideration of comprehensive screening for this population could be reasonable if it is based on research and data collection.”The Big Ten, which was among several leagues that held out on playing at the start of the football season, requires athletes to undergo cardiovascular screening following a positive coronavirus test. Part of what concerned the Big Ten initially was reports that a number of its athletes who tested positive for the virus had shown myocarditis symptoms.According to the National Institutes of Health, myocarditis is an acute injury that “leads to myocyte damage, which in turn activates the innate and humeral immune system, leading to severe inflammation.”“All COVID-19 positive student-athletes will have to undergo comprehensive cardiac testing to include labs and biomarkers, ECG, Echocardiogram and a Cardiac MRI,” the Big Ten said in a statement. “Following cardiac evaluation, student-athletes must receive clearance from a cardiologist designated by the university for the primary purpose of cardiac clearance for COVID-19 positive student-athletes. The earliest a student-athlete can return to game competition is 21 days following a COVID-19 positive diagnosis. “In addition to the medical protocols approved, the 14 Big Ten institutions will establish a cardiac registry in an effort to examine the effects on COVID-19 positive student-athletes. The registry and associated data will attempt to answer many of the unknowns regarding the cardiac manifestations in COVID-19 positive elite athletes.”To read an abstract of the research, click here. 4546

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