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NEW YORK, July 15 (Xinhua) -- A Gallup survey released on Friday found a total of 59 percent of Americans support a ban on smoking in all public places.The July 7-10 survey among 1,016 national adults showed a change in the public's attitude toward public smoking ban. In 2001, when Gallup first asked about a ban on public smoking, 39 percent were in favor, an attitude that stayed roughly the same through 2007.At the same time, the poll also found that fewer than two in 10 people supported the idea of making smoking totally illegal.According to the American Lung Association, 27 states plus the District of Columbia have passed comprehensive smoke-free laws. A New York City law bans smoking in virtually all public places, including outdoor plazas and beaches.

JERUSALEM, July 25 (Xinhua) -- A new study carried out by a Tel Aviv University researcher indicates that the common backache may not only be caused by bad positions or aging, but also by your genes.Prof. Gregory Livshits of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine says that genes play a major role in back pain, especially in the lower back, and in spinal deterioration.In a decade-long project with 2,500 identical and non-identical twins, Livshits found that, in one Arab family, the same back problems appeared in all the members of the family, whether young or old.According to the study, non-identical twins were three times more likely to have back pain, while identical twins were six times more likely to have the same back problems.Livshits believes the discovery of the link between back pains and genes could lead to much better treatment.The research was developed in collaboration with a team of scientists at Kings College, London, led by Prof. Tim Spector and Dr. Fran Williams and was recently published in the journal " Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases."In order to better investigate the genetic causes for one of the world most common pains, Livshits and his colleagues hope to put together an international consortium of research groups.

WASHINGTON, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Space shuttle Atlantis will soar into the sky Friday on NASA's 135th and final flight. Its scheduled return to Earth later this month will mark the end of NASA's 30-year space program.Since its onset with the launch of space shuttle Columbia, the program has been seen as a cheap, safe and reliable way for space exploration.Despite its great contributions to U.S. manned space flight, it has also left some grave and tragic lessons, making its termination inevitable.HIKING COSTSLaunched in 1972 by then President Richard Nixon, the shuttle program aimed to provide a new system of affordable space travel and proved to be NASA's most enduring project in its 50 years of existence.In 1981, shuttle Columbia made its first shuttle flight for two days. It was the ultimate hybrid and the first reusable spacecraft.Launched like a rocket and gliding back to Earth like an airplane, space shuttles not only can act as a space taxi to carry astronauts, but have the muscle of a long-distance trucker to haul heavy machinery.The spaceship boasts more than 3,500 subsystems and 2.5 million parts and is nine times faster than a speeding bullet as it climbs heavenward. That versatility, however, has translated into higher costs.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.In an article in Technology Review, John Logsdon, former head of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, drew a direct connection between the ravenous shuttle budget and the lack of other large advances in manned space flight."By operating the system for 30 years, with its high costs and high risk, rather than replacing it with a less expensive, less risky second-generation system, NASA compounded the original mistake of developing the most ambitious version of the vehicle," he wrote."The shuttle's cost has been an obstacle to NASA starting other major projects," he added.HIGH RISKIn terms of safety, the shuttles have never been as reliable as their designers had envisioned.On average, one out of every 67 flights ended up with fatal accidents. Based on the rate of deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.Seven astronauts onboard died when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the tragic blast, a new catastrophe descended when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003, killing another seven spacemen.Again, the shuttle program was shelved for more than two years as NASA stepped up efforts to make it safer. But experts say the fundamental problem related to shuttles' safety cannot be solved due to their "birth defects.""It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible," concluded the panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident.

BUJUMBURA, May 31(Xinhua) -- As the World No Tobacco Day is celebrated on Tuesday, many Burundians feel happy that they have given up smoking thanks to herbal drugs.Evariste Ndikumwami, 55, residing in the Burundian capital Bujumbura, said he had been smoking for 30 years, but gave up smoking in January after taking herbal drugs prescribed by an abbot."I had been smoking since my teenage and I gave up smoking in January (this year) after I took herbal drugs that I got from a Roman Catholic priest from Uganda working at Rugari parish in the province of Muyinga, some 210 km northeast of the Burundian capital Bujumbura," Ndikumwami told Xinhua.Ndikumwami said he used to smoke a pack of 20 cigarettes per day, adding that he had found it hard to give up smoking.He said, "I took the herbal drugs for 15 days. The abbot prescribed me two herbal drugs -- one to be smoked for five days at daytime when I desire to smoke and another one to be applied around the nostrils at night."After the medication period, he never felt the desire for smoking cigarettes, he said."When my friends realized I was no longer smoking, they asked me which drugs I took to give up smoking. I directed them to the abbot who had healed me and they also got cured and stopped smoking," Ndikumwami said.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), with several partners, on Tuesday launched Million Hearts, an initiative that aims to prevent one million heart attacks and strokes over the next five years.The program will focus on helping Americans make healthy choices, such as preventing tobacco use and lowering consumption of salt and trans fats, and increasing use of treatments like aspirin and blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications.The HHS hopes that by 2017, 65 percent of high-risk patients will be taking aspirin and have their blood pressure and cholesterol under control. Currently, only 47 percent of high-risk patients take aspirin, and only 33 percent have their cholesterol and 46 percent their blood pressure under control.They also aim to cut smoking to 17 percent of Americans from 19 percent by 2017, and seek a 20 percent drop in sodium intake and a 50 percent drop in trans fat consumption."Heart disease causes one of every three American deaths and constitutes 17-percent of overall national health spending," said HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius in a statement. "By enlisting partners from across the health sector, Million Hearts will create a national focus on combating heart disease."