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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Young women may reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular disease simply by eating more fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, researchers reported Monday in Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association.In the first population-based study in Danish women of childbearing age, those who rarely or never ate fish had 50 percent more cardiovascular problems over eight years than those who ate fish regularly. Compared to women who ate fish high in omega-3 weekly, the risk was 90 percent higher for those who rarely or never ate fish.About 49,000 women, 15-49 years old, median age of just under 30 years in early pregnancy -- were interviewed by telephone or answered food frequency questionnaires about how much, what types and how often they ate fish, as well as lifestyle and family history questions.Researchers recorded 577 cardiovascular events during the eight- year period, including five cardiovascular deaths in women without any prior diagnosis of the disease. In all, 328 events were due to hypertensive disease, 146 from cerebrovascular disease, and 103 from ischemic heart disease. Inpatient and outpatient admission for cardiovascular disease was much more common among women who reported eating little or no fish. In three different assessments over a 30-week period, women who never ate fish had a three-fold higher disease risk compared to women who ate fish every week."To our knowledge this is the first study of this size to focus exclusively on women of childbearing age," said Marin Strom, lead researcher and post doctoral fellow at the Center for Fetal Programming, at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark. " We saw a strong association with cardiovascular disease in the women who were still in their late 30's."Fish oil contains long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are believed to protect against heart and vascular disease. Few women in the study took fish oil supplements, so these were excluded from the analyses and the results were based on the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, not intake from supplements.The most common fish consumed by women in the study were cod, salmon, herring, and mackerel."Our study shows that for younger women, eating fish is very important for overall health, and even though we found cardio- protective effects at relatively modest dietary levels, higher levels may yield additional benefits," Strom said.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

COPENHAGEN, Nov.23 (Xinhua) -- Denmark's new tax on fatty foods is having little impact on consumer habits, an opinion poll showed Wednesday.Only seven percent of those polled said they had changed their shopping habits since the tax was imposed Oct.1, said FDB Analyse, which conducted the poll for Danish news agency Ritzau.The world's first fat tax affects products containing more than 2.3 percent saturated fat, meaning a kilo of saturated fat costs 16 Danish kroner (2.87 U.S. dollars).As a result, butter, cream, cheese, meat, cooking oil and processed foods like pizza and biscuits are among thousands of products that have become dearer in recent weeks.However, two out of three respondents to the poll said price rises are too low to make them alter their dietary habits, an opinion shared by some in the food retail sector."Price rises per product vary from a few oere to 2 kroner (0.36 U.S. dollar)," said Mogens Werge, Director of Consumer Policy at Coop, a supermarket chain which accounts for 40 percent trade in basic daily goods in Denmark."No Danes will change their dietary habits just because the cost of a packet of cookies rises by 35 oere," he told DR News, Denmark's public broadcaster.The Danish Agriculture and Food Council, an industry association, says the fat tax costs a Danish family with two children an additional 1,000 kroner (180 dollars), per year.Reacting to the poll, the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which leads Denmark's coalition center-left government, said the fat tax must be given more time to take effect."There are several parameters to measure the tax, one of which is purely economic, where you have to consider a longer time period," SDP consumer affairs spokesperson Mette Reissmann, told DR News."Also, I never thought we would suddenly become a nation that rejects fatty foods. It takes a long time to change consumer behavior," she added.The government's Commission on Prevention, tasked with finding ways to improve the nation's health, also said it is too early to evaluate the fat tax's impact. It believes the tax discourages purchase of unhealthy foods, and will help raise average Danish life expectancy by one week.For their part, two-thirds of poll respondents suggested the government would do better by removing value added tax (VAT) on healthy foods like fresh fruit and vegetables, and instead raise it on food products containing fat and sugar.Denmark already imposes 25 percent VAT on most consumer goods and food products.

BEIJING, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's central authorities have highlighted travel safety as the nation on Sunday officially kicked off the world's largest holiday migration, a time in which mass numbers of passengers will be homeward bound for the traditional Chinese Spring Festival.Safe travel has emerged as a hot-button issue facing the government as passenger trips during the 40-day travel peak are expected to hit a record high of over 3 billion.Liu Tienan, vice chief of the National Development and Reform Commission, the country's top economic planner, told the press on Sunday that passenger transport during the period is not looking good as the enormous migration outweighs existing transportation capacities.?A volunteer guides passengers to their train at Chengdu Railway Station in Chengdu, capital of southwest China's Sichuan Province, Jan. 7, 2012. Starting from Jan. 8, 2012, China's transport system will undergo a 40-day travel rush, which is characterized by a hightened passenger flow around the time of the oncoming Chinese New Year.Liu warned of the likelihood of heavy snow and icy rain that could hamper travel while vowing greater efforts to avoid another travel disaster, as was seen in early 2008 when unprecedented heavy snow and freezing rain inundated the south of the country, bringing traffic to a standstill during the peak holiday season.A total of 3.16 billion passenger trips are expected during the next 40 days, up 9.1 percent from a year earlier, of which, 235 million trips will be made via the country's railways, up 6.1 percent year-on-year.Hu Yadong, vice minister of railways, said a daily average of 5.88 million people will make train trips during the period, 340,000 more than the corresponding period in 2011.At the Beijing Railway Station on Sunday, staff members checked passengers' train tickets and ID cards, as an ID-based train ticket purchasing system kicked off nationwide at the start of the new year in an effort to curb ticket scalping.

TAIPEI, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for the upcoming election of Taiwan leader was held Saturday in Taipei, with cross-Strait issues highlighted in the first face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14 election.The candidates - Ma Ying-jeou, chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, Tsai Ing-wen who represents the island's major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and People First Party (PFP) chairman James Soong - stated their political views respectively and debated with each other.Both Ma and Soong stressed the adherence to the 1992 Consensus in order to maintain peaceful development of cross-Strait relations.In November 1992, the mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits and Taiwan's Straits Exchange Foundation reached the consensus that each of the two organizations verbally acknowledges that "both sides of the Taiwan Straits adhere to the one-China principle."Ma said the 1992 Consensus was "the best way" for the two sides to settle disputes and achieve win-win situation."If the 1992 Consensus was not adhered to, cross-Strait relations will be thrown to an uncertain state, or even regress," Ma said.While acknowledging achievement of cross-Strait relations since 2005 such as the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) across the Strait, Soong called for seeking "common benefits for all" with cross-Strait peaceful development as the precondition.However, Tsai continued to deny the 1992 Consensus and said that a "Taiwan consensus" should be made before negotiating with the Chinese mainland.The three candidates also expressed own views on judicial reform, finance and issues concerning people's livelihood.The televised debate was held by the Taiwan Public Television Service and other local media.Two more debates will be held on Dec. 10 and Dec. 17.