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NEW YORK — There are 50.7 million children in school in the United States, and the majority of them are non-white, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Still, because of a centuries-long history of white dominance in American culture, as well as the outsize influence of certain states over American education overall, the takeaway for many students is overly simple, and dangerously racist, according to some prominent historians.In fact, "The Story of the White Man," is not only a longstanding narrative in U.S. history texts, but they're also the first six words of a widely-used history textbook from the 1930s, according to Harvard University historian Donald Yacovone.Yacovone came across it as part of his research for his upcoming book, "Teaching White Supremacy: The Textbook Battle Over Race in American History." The professor at Harvard's Hutchins Center for African & African American Study and Research ended up reading some 3,000 textbooks from the 1830s to the 1980s as part of his research.He said that at least one thing was evident throughout his readings."If you leave people out of a narrative, they suddenly become invisible," Yacovone said.People of African descent, Yacovone said, have been largely left out of historical narratives for much of U.S. history.Even as recently as 2015, a high school textbook's omission of key details about African American history cast light on a shortcoming of history writing.A mother in Texas, Roni Burren, posted a video on Facebook of her reading a caption from a map in her son's 10th-grade textbook."Under this section, called 'Patterns of Immigration,'" Burren said while holding the book, "World Geography," to the camera, and reading from the text, "'The Atlantic slave trade from the 1500s to the 1800s brought millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations.' So it is now considered immigration," Burren said, clearly appalled.The video was viewed millions of times, and ultimately publisher McGraw Hill made a very public apology and revised the text.However, oversights like that, in a country where a majority of people only get a kindergarten through 12th-grade education, inform a strong message that most Americans receive about our country, according to Yacavone. "That whiteness is what matters," he said.One reason for that may be the process in which textbooks, and lesson plans connected to them, are created and distributed.Major publishers, such as McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all have highly-promoted policies of countering racism and promoting diversity.That still doesn't mean that there can't be shortcomings, as the "World Geography" case makes clear.It's also part of a larger challenge involving inclusiveness and accuracy in school textbooks, as Carisa Lopez, political director of the Texas Freedom Network, an advocacy organization for education and other issues in the Lone Star State, explained."Because Texas is such a large state," she said in an interview, "other, smaller states are forced to purchase textbooks that have to adhere to Texas standards."Texas and California have more K through 12 students than any other U.S. states. California's state textbook curricula standards tend to be more focused on California-specific history and subjects.Texas's standards, by contrast, tend to be more general. However, the state board of education, which approves or disapproves textbook content, is not made up exclusively of educators. Politicians, religious leaders, and others have served.As a result, said Lopez, "Too often what students learn is based on distortions, myths and just plain politics and personal biases."Another issue is instruction."They're still relegating history classes to gym teachers," Yacovone said.Some research bears that out. Analysis by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences found that of all school subjects, history has the highest rate of teachers who didn't major or get certified in it.Martha S. Jones, a historian at Johns Hopkins University, said that when it comes to issues like slavery, Jim Crow, and other topics involving African American history, "The number one question I get is, 'why didn't I learn this in school?'"Jones is among many scholars of African-American history who say that white supremacy is built into American education.A historical look here in New York supports their claim.Among the earliest American textbook writers was Noah Webster. The contemporary of the founding fathers published the new nation's first daily newspaper, from his office on Wall Street.Webster is certainly most famous for publishing Webster's Dictionary.Through it, and a spelling book that he published, Webster invented American English, differentiated from how British subjects speak and spell the language.As for his attitude toward people of African descent, Webster was clear, and his point of view influenced his textbooks as strongly as he influenced American culture."'For the woolly-haired Africans, who constitute the principal part of the inhabitants of Africa, there is no history,'" Webster said, as quoted by Yacovone."And that attitude," Yacovone continued, "was perpetuated in almost every single textbook, until the 1960s."One reason that it persisted, was a New Yorker named John Van Evrie, Yacovone said."I call him an evil genius of white supremacy," Yacovone said.From his office across the street from City Hall, Van Evrie published newspapers, pamphlets, books -- including a textbook -- all specifically arguing that Americans aren't black. Instead, Van Evrie wrote, America is white.It united the various European ethnic groups that comprised the majority of the American population in the 1800s, and in the process, it put African Americans in a position of non-citizenship in the eyes of many whites."His books were read in Congress," said Yacovone. "His books were read in state legislatures. It was impossible to escape him. Even Lincoln read Van Evrie."His work formed the foundation that American education and culture are built on, even though it's a false narrative."We must change our identity as Americans as white," Yacovone said. "We must change that to one of being multi-ethnic. It's much better."Martha S. Jones, the Johns Hopkins historian, supported that assessment."The example I'll offer," she said, "is that of our new Vice President-elect Kamala Harris.""We need to understand the history out of which she has emerged --- African American women's political history, the history of the discrimination against African American women in politics, and when it comes to voting rights," Jones said, "so that our students can be smart citizens in real-time."Classroom instruction is finally beginning to change, where a wider variety of Americans are now part of the history lesson.For example, the 1619 Project, the New York Times's detailed examination of how slavery has influenced American life, is now being taught in thousands of classrooms across the country.One organization using it as a classroom tool in the history of nonprofit Facing History and Ourselves.Its program director, Laura Tavares, laid out why non-textbook learning aids are vital to a full understanding of history and other classroom subjects."You can't teach what you don't know," Tavares said, "and 80% of teachers in the United States are white."One of the things that we understand about being white," she continued, "is that we are allowed to move through the world often with the lack of consciousness about race, with the lack of conversation about race, and racial identity."As for her organization, she said, "We create classroom resources. So that's lesson plans, unit guides, multimedia films, to teach in more equitable and inclusive and engaging ways."It's part of a new, evolving way to teach. Instead of using history textbooks, teachers are taking students -- and adults -- online, where getting the education narrative right is more important than ever, as Martha S. Jones pointed out."My students, this semester, have been editing and creating Wikipedia sites related to African American women," she told PIX11 News."We are making sure that folks who have questions about that when they come to a space like Wikipedia find not only good, accurate facts, but they find links to excellent secondary sources," Jones continued. "They might even find links to primary materials where they can read the history firsthand."Her students' Wikipedia entries include histories of such prominent African American figures as Frances Harper, Shirley Chisholm, Ida B. Wells, and Crystal Bird Fauset.Wikipedia has now formed a foundation that helps fund the writing of entries by scholars in an effort to ensure that Wikipedia is a teachable resource.Meanwhile, textbooks aren't going away. While there's no shortage of experts who say that racism in some of the latest textbooks persists, they also say that there's been an improvement over time."There still are problems, but they're much, much better," Yacovone said.Martha S. Jones pointed out that "there are very important, distinguished... African American scholars who now produce their own textbooks."Those books are starting to make a difference, by influencing how textbooks are written and produced generally, nationwide, like Tavares, from Facing History and Ourselves said."When there's demand from parents, perhaps, and communities, even textbooks can tell a more complete and inclusive story," she said.This story was first reported by James Ford at WPIX in New York, New York. 9611

NEW YORK — The American Museum of Natural History is removing a statue of Theodore Roosevelt on horseback with a Native American man and an African man on his sides after objections that it symbolizes colonial expansion and racial discrimination. Mayor Bill de Blasio said Sunday the city supports removal of the statue because it depicts Black and Indigenous people as subjugated and racially inferior. The statue at the museum's Central Park West entrance depicts Roosevelt on the horse with the Native American man and the African man standing on either side. The museum’s president, Ellen Futter, tells the New York Times the decision to remove the bronze statue comes amid the movement for racial justice following the killing of George Floyd. 756

New data shows that those who use Duolingo — a popular language app — can learn the equivalent of four semesters of university study. The app is free for all, and parents and teachers say it is a good supplement for students of all ages who are learning from home this fall.Averill, 10, is quite the Duolingo master. Her Spanish teacher recommended the app to pair with her in class lessons a few years back. Averill took that one step further.She's currently learning Korean. When she masters that, it will be her third language."My dad is Korean, and so my grandparents speak Korean," Averill said. "I'm trying to learn it because we're planning a trip to Korea to visit some relatives and I'm trying to learn it so I can speak to them a little bet,ter than I can right now."She likes to take what she's learned and practice on her grandparents. So far, she says, she's doing pretty well.Korean and Spanish are two of the 39 featured languages on Duolingo. This spring, when COVID-19 sent America into lockdown, new users flocked to the app. Dr. Cindy Blanco is a learning scientist at Duolingo."Our new users spiked 66%, which in any other time would be enormous but the spike continued the rest of the month," said Dr. Cindy Blanco, a learning scientist at Duolingo. "Our new user growth in March was 113%, which is unprecedented — kind of the word of the year."People were also downloading the app to keep their language skills sharp and because teachers needed help."The most important thing to not fall behind in a language course is to keep getting in front of that language," Blanco said.As a Doctor of Linguistics, Blanco is a Duolingo user herself. She's currently trying to keep up with her Russian. She's already well-versed in Spanish, French, Catalan, Italian and American Sign Language.Blanco says Duolingo offers all sorts of content, including lessons, short stories, podcasts, and seven a virtual language practicing event. Because Duolingo is app-based, it means users can access it from anywhere, anytime."It's more important than ever that we create products that can meet people where they are and where they are is at home with small handheld devices," Blanco said. "So, how can we get language learning literally in your hands?"It's also fun. The program moves away from textbooks and worksheets that many find monotonous, especially when it comes to language."We often associated language-learning with dry high school classes of textbooks and worksheets," Blanco said. "So, to see something that's fun, that you like doing, you're deceiving yourself. 'Well, I can't possibly also be learning, I'm enjoying it too much.'" 2655

New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo responded Thursday to the Supreme Court's Wednesday night ruling against the state's coronavirus restrictions on houses of worship in areas of New York City.The governor said the decision hasn't changed anything and called the court's action "irrelevant from any practical impact."However, leaders of the two groups who are plaintiffs in the case — the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn and Agudath Israel, an advocacy group for the Orthodox Jewish community — disagreed, saying that the case about religious liberty and more sensible health measures.Cuomo, for his part, pointed out that the Catholic church and Orthodox Jewish synagogues in Brooklyn and Queens are no longer subject to them."I think this was really just an opportunity for the court to express its philosophy and politics," Cuomo said.The justices split 5-4 on the decision, with new conservative Justice Amy Coney Barrett representing the decisive vote in the majority. It was Barrett's first publicly discernible vote as a justice.The court's three liberal justices and Chief Justice John Roberts dissented.In an unsigned order, a majority of the court said New York's restrictions "single out houses of worship for especially harsh treatment."Bishop Nicholas DiMarzio of the Brooklyn Diocese said that the ruling is relevant far beyond the boundaries of the New York City region."There are places where, for example, I'm on the board of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington D.C.," DiMarzio said. "That church seats 5,000 people. They are only allowed to have 100 people, by the laws of the District of Columbia.""The district refused to hear their plea," he said. "We have the same problem."Rabbi Chaim Dovid Zweibel is the executive vice president of Agudath Israel."It made no sense to treat a small synagogue that seats 25 people on a regular basis the same as a synagogue that seats 500 people," he said.For Cuomo, it came down to public safety."I fully respect religion, and if there's a time in life we need it, the time is now," Cuomo said. "But we want to make sure we keep people safe at the same time."Cuomo said the Supreme Court is "different" now, referencing Coney Barrett tipping the court more towards conservatives.Earlier in this year, when Barrett's liberal predecessor, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, was on the court, the justices divided 5-4 to leave in place similar pandemic-related capacity restrictions affecting churches in California and Nevada.Two lower courts had sided with New York in allowing the restrictions on houses of worship to stand.The governor asserted that the Supreme Court decision isn't final, saying that it would go back to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.When asked by a reporter if he felt the ruling would convince churches and synagogues they now have the leeway to host gatherings of thousands, Cuomo disagreed."It didn't affect our mass gathering rules...It didn't mention the overall limits," he said.President Donald Trump seemingly celebrated the court's decision on Twitter Thursday morning, writing simply "Happy Thanksgiving!" while sharing a tweet of the news from the @SCOTUSblog account.During Trump's single term in office, he appointed three of the justices sitting on the Supreme Court, including Barrett. Conservatives now have a 6-3 majority.This story was originally published by Jay Dow, James Ford and Mark Sundstrom on WPIX in New York City. The Associated Press contributed to this report. 3498

New details are emerging about the 41-year-old Parma, Ohio father who turned himself into Parma Police on Saturday night, leading to the discovery of his 18-month-old son's body.Police said the man came into the police station around 9 p.m. and told an officer at the front desk that he wanted to turn himself in for a crime. Officers noticed cuts on both of his arms, which were later found to be self-inflicted. Officers learned the man's son was inside his car, which was parked in the visitor's parking lot of the station.Police searched the car and found the toddler unresponsive and not breathing inside the trunk.The boy was taken to University Hospitals Parma Medical Center where he was pronounced dead.The father was taken to MetroHealth Medical Center for his injuries where he remains under police custody.  When he is released, he will be brought back to the Parma jail. Scripps station WEWS in Cleveland is not releasing the name of the 18-month-old boy or the father because no one has been charged. 1087