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During the last few months, many health experts have been talking about reaching “herd immunity” with the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine. Over the Christmas weekend, Dr. Anthony Fauci said he estimates the country needs to reach 80-85% with the vaccine to attain herd immunity.Here’s what that means.Herd immunity is a concept used in discussions about vaccination, and signifies the threshold needed for a population as a whole to be protected from a virus.The World Health Organization clarifies that herd immunity, or population immunity, “is achieved by protecting people from a virus, not by exposing them to it.”The Mayo Clinic also describes the situation following the 1918 Spanish Flu outbreak. They say people who survived the pandemic were later immune to infection of the H1N1 flu, also referred to as swine flu.Health experts warn that relying on community infection to create herd immunity could be dangerous; there are questions about how long the antibodies created by infection protect against reinfection, and a high level of community infection could lead to overwhelmed medical facilities and a high number of deaths.When the threshold of herd immunity is reached, it means the vast majority of a population is vaccinated and has antibodies, thereby lowering the overall amount of community spread of the virus. It also means portions of the population who cannot get vaccinated are kept safer by the limited spread.What that threshold is varies depending on the virus and the efficacy of the vaccine.According to the WHO, herd immunity against the measles is reached with 95% vaccination, while herd immunity against polio is 80%.Dr. Fauci believes herd immunity for COVID-19 can be reached with around 85% of the population having antibodies. 1778

Don't blame Amazon for the death of Toys "R" Us.It's true, online shopping didn't help matters, but the struggles of Toys "R" Us predate the boom in online shopping. Many of its wounds were self-inflicted.The company's biggest problem: It was saddled with billions of dollars in debt. That debt stopped it from making the necessary investment in stores. And that meant an unpleasant shopping experience that doomed the chain. The company told employees Wednesday that it would close or sell its US stores after 70 years in business."If you're going to have that breadth of inventory, you need someone in the store to help you find it, help you experience it," said Greg Portell, lead partner at retail consultant A.T. Kearney. "It's hard to sell toys in a cold, warehouse environment."Even Toys "R" Us CEO David Brandon conceded in an SEC filing last fall that the company had fallen behind competitors "on various fronts, including with regard to general upkeep and the condition of our stores."Toys "R" Us' debt problems date back to well before Amazon was a major threat. Its debt was downgraded to junk bond status in January of 2005, at a time when Amazon's sales were just 4% of their current level.A year later the company was taken private by KKR, Bain Capital and real estate firm Vornado. The .6 billion purchase left it with .3 billion in debt secured by its assets and it never really recovered.The toy store faced several other big challenges at about the same time. There was the rise of big box retailers like Walmart, which now dwarfs Toys "R" Us in total toy sales. Last year toymakers Mattel and Hasbro each sold about billion worth of their toys at Walmart, more than twice as much as what they sold through Toys "R" Us. Target sold just about as many of their as Toys "R" Us last year.And like most retailers, Toys R Us also lost sales to online rivals such as Amazon that offered lower prices and quick shipping.But much of the chain's resources were devoted to paying off that massive debt load rather than staying competitive.When Toys "R" Us filed for bankruptcy in September 2017, it disclosed it had about billion in debt and was spending about 0 million a year just to service that debt.That burden crowded out critical strategic priorities, like making its stores a nice place to shop and paying employees.Tell us: How will you remember Toys 'R' Us?Brandon said in a filing last fall that the bankruptcy process would allow it to invest million in its stores. The company hoped to add playrooms where kids could try out toys and spaces for birthday parties, but it never got the chance.Brandon also vowed to spend more money on staff. With extremely low unemployment, competitors like Walmart are raising wages, while Toys 'R' Us was having trouble attracting the kind of help it needed. It said last fall it would spend million from 2018 to 2021 to raise starting wages and to reward and keep its most effective employees."Better employees make for happier customers," Brandon said in the filing.Despite sharply declining sales, Toys "R" Us was also extremely late to the game in closing stores. At the time of its bankruptcy filing, the chain had 1,697 stores -- more than it had ever had.In January, it announced plans to shut 182 US stores. Last month it filed for the equivalent of bankruptcy for its UK operations, where it had 105 locations. On Wednesday, hours before announcing the decision to close its US operations, it said it would close the last 75 UK stores.But the closings in recent weeks were far too little, too late. And as a result, now all of US stores will close, and probably most foreign stores as well.The-CNN-Wire 3698

EL CENTRO, Calif. (KGTV) - Church leaders in San Diego, El Centro, and Brownsville, Texas were arrested Tuesday on suspicion of subjecting homeless people to forced labor, according to U.S. Department of Justice officials.U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of California Robert Brewer said those charged coerced the victims to give up their welfare benefits and forced them to panhandle up to 54 hours a week.Twelve people said to be leaders of Imperial Valley Ministries (IVM) are charged with conspiracy, forced labor, document servitude, and benefits fraud, said Brewer.“The indictment alleges an appalling abuse of power by church officials who preyed on vulnerable homeless people with promises of a warm bed and meals,” said Brewer. “These victims were held captive, stripped of their humble financial means, their identification, their freedom, and their dignity.” IVM is headquartered in El Centro and operates about 30 churches in the U.S. and Mexico including locations in Las Vegas, Phoenix, Los Angeles, Santa Ana, and San Jose. The church’s stated purpose is to “restore” drug addicts at faith-based rehab homes, the Department of Justice said in a news release. The church operated one group home in Chula Vista, along with others in El Centro and Calexico. Many victims were recruited in San Diego, officials said. Defendants include Jose “Chito” Morales of San Diego, Ana Robles-Ortiz, Jose Gaytan, Sonia Murillo, Arnoldo Bugarin, Azucena Torres (aka Susana Bugarin), and Sergio Partida of El Cajon, and Victor Gonzalez, Susan Leyva, Jose Diaz, Mercedes Gonzalez (aka Mercy Diaz), and Jose Flores of Brownsville, Texas. IVM leaders allegedly “inducted many to participate with offers of free food and shelter with the false promise that victims would be provided with resources to eventually return home,” according to the DOJ. The homeless people would check in to the homes and sign agreements to stick to the IVM rules such as “you are not to discuss things of the world” and “if any of the rules are broken there will be discipline”, DOJ officials said. Many victims claimed they were held against their will, officials said. The indictment claims church leaders used deadbolts to lock the victims into the homes, and confiscated identifications. Windows were also nailed shut at some group homes, according to the indictment. In one case, a 17-year-old victim broke a window to escape and run to a nearby home to call police. Prosecutors say church leaders also refused to allow a diabetic woman to obtain medicine and food in response to low blood sugar. She was able to escape and get help, officials said. In some situations, IVM members told the victims they would have to stay or they would face punishments, including having their children taken away from them, the DOJ said. Victims were also told loved ones had rejected them and they must stay because “only God” loved them, said officials. Punishments, including talking about the outside world, allegedly included the withholding of food. DOJ officials said IVM leaders also stole victims’ EBT cards and used them for improper purposes. The identified victims are now free and have access to necessary support services. 3214

EDGEWOOD, Kentucky — A St. Elizabeth Healthcare thoracic surgeon is inviting the world to witness a complex lung cancer surgery via Facebook.Kentucky has the highest rate of lung cancer in the country, and Dr. Royce Calhoun is using the surgery as an educational experience by talking to viewers about lung cancer and what it takes to treat patients. 358

EL CENTRO, Calif. (KGTV) -- The four Marines who died in a Marine Corps helicopter crash during a training mission in El Centro Tuesday have been identified.Military officials say Capt. Samuel A. Schultz, 28, of Huntington Valley, Pennsylvania; First Lt. Samuel D. Phillips, 27, of Pinehurst, North Carolina; Gunnery Sgt. Derik Holley, 33, of Dayton, Ohio; and Lance Cpl. Taylor J. Conrad, 24, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, all died in the crash.According to officials, the CH-53E Stallion helicopter took off from the Strategic Expeditionary Landing Field at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms to conduct squadron training.RELATED:  678

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