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Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

NASCAR CEO Brian Z. France was arrested for aggravated driving while intoxicated and possession of a controlled substance on Sunday night, the Sag Harbor Village Police in New York said.France, the leader of the auto-racing sports governing body, was driving a 2017 Lexus on Main Street at 7:30 p.m. and ran a stop sign, police said. During a traffic stop, it was determined he was operating the vehicle while intoxicated, police said.Police also said he was in possession of oxycodone pills. He was arrested and held overnight, police said. France was arraigned at Sag Harbor Village Justice Court on Monday morning and then was released on his own recognizance."We are aware of an incident that occurred last night and are in the process of gathering information," NASCAR said. "We take this as a serious matter and will issue a statement after we have all of the facts."NASCAR was created by William H.G. France, a stock car driver and gas station owner, in 1947 and has stayed in the France family's name. Brian France, the founder's grandson, was named NASCAR's chairman of the board and CEO in September 2003. 1123

Movie mogul and businessman Tyler Perry has joined another elite list: billionaire. Forbes Magazine reports Perry is officially worth one billion dollars.This puts Perry in the same group of billionaires with Oprah Winfrey, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg.Forbes says Perry owns the rights to all 22 of his movies, which have grossed nearly a billion dollars to date. He also owns more than 1,200 TV episodes, about two dozen plays and a studio lot in Atlanta.“I mostly go on my gut and my instinct. I like to challenge the system and see what I can do differently,” Perry told Forbes recently for a piece on his billionaire status.Perry was once homeless, and grew up in poverty in New Orleans. “I love when people say you come from ‘humble beginnings,’ ” he told Forbes. “[It] means you were poor as hell.”In early August, Tyler Perry Studios completed filming season 2 of “Sistas,” a comedy-drama on BET. The studio reported over the 11 days of filming this summer, there were more than 300 people on site and no one got sick while there, according to CNN.The Atlanta-area studio is currently shooting another series, “The Oval.” 1142

MILWAUKEE — Surveillance video captured two porch pirates on a casual morning stroll. But what they don't know is that the owner of the package they're about to steal actually wants it to get taken. "Usually I get very mad when I see the package get stolen, but now this one I was like proud to show the video," said Jamie, who left a package of sweet revenge on her Milwaukee porch.Out of fear of retaliation, Jamie asked that her identity be concealed and to only use her first name. She says they've had about eight packages stolen from their front porch and have tried everything to fight back. They installed security cameras, asked for signed deliveries and even had items placed behind a fence. But somehow the thieves continued to be successful. Eventually, they decided to have everything delivered to work, but after a gift sent to her a month ago was stolen as well, she decided that was enough. "That's when we ordered the next package," she said. "We went on to a website that does anonymous deliveries and you can pick from all sorts of different fecal matter. The cheapest one is cow, we decided to go in full blast and we chose gorilla." The thieves didn't like what they had scooped up, and ended up tossing the item into a neighbor's yard. But they aren't the only thieves she's caught on camera. Video also shows a woman stealing that gift someone sent Jamie, that contained memorial stickers honoring her late father. "She threw it because it wasn't anything important to her but to me that was the most important package that had been taken off our porch," said Jamie. A neighbor ended up finding the discarded stickers in a nearby park. Jamie says she's tried to report the thefts to police, but she's been told it's a lost cause and the chances of catching these criminals are slim. So she hopes a little package payback will prevent thefts in the future. "We do live in a nice neighborhood," she said. "It's a nice a street, they're nice neighbors, we just don't know why it keeps happening to us."  2106

More college students are coming back home, trying to save money and pay off debt.The findings from a Junior Achievement study have parents shocked and concerned, and JA jumping into action.Leith Walk Elementary Middle School is one on JA's roster to visit and talk with, and the students are very aware of what it takes to be financially independent.Walking around Mr. Jason Peinert's 7th grade class, you hear students discussing their futures, "you should always have a plan b," one boy said. "I want to like have my own house, my own property, I don't want to be bossed around by my mom," Imeah Curbean, 13, said, smiling.Here they plan a path from education to a career that will support them in the future."My kids go through simulations with check registers, as well as understanding opportunity cost," Mr. Peinert said they also write essays on saving money for the future.During the group discussion, one student echoed the sentiment, saying you wouldn't want to make decisions that put you in a corner. One of the big decisions, how to achieve higher educationJA's new study on financial literacy shows 75% of teens are worried about paying for college.The next finding was disturbing, "only half of the kids said that they wanted to become independently financial from their parents," Senior Vice President Kim Fabian of the Central Maryland Junior Achievement Chapter said. Students told them, they understand the financial strains of paying for college and, for many, the reality after graduating is to move back home to save money and pay off debt, earning the nickname "Boomerang Generation"."What we find works the best is when kids are actually doing things that will relate to what they'll be doing in the real world, so we try to create experiences while they're still in school that will help them learn those skills like communication, teamwork, how to be on time for things, what questions they should be asking, how to do a good job interview," Fabian said real world experience is key.Junior Achievement has a list of schools and programs on their website to get involved in. Fabian says they hope this education will help future generations to become financially independent.Below are the findings from the JA study:  2285

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