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WASHINGTON, July 20 (Xinhua) -- The loss of a protein that coats sperm may explain a significant proportion of infertility in men worldwide, according to a study by an international team of researchers led by University of California Davis.A paper describing the work was published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The research could open up new ways to screen and treat couples for infertility.The gene DEFB126 encodes a protein called Beta Defensin 126, which coats the surface of sperm and helps it penetrate cervical mucus in the female. A survey of samples from the U.S., Britain and China showed that as many as a quarter of men worldwide carry two copies of the defective gene.In the new study, researchers found that men with a muted DEFB126 lack Beta Defensin 126, making it much more difficult for sperm to swim through the mucus and eventually join with an egg.Examining 500 newly married Chinese couples, researchers found that the lack of Beta Defensin 126 in men with the DEFB126 mutation lowered fertility (even among men that did not display other deficiencies usually associated with infertility, like inadequate semen volume and low sperm motility). Wives of men with the Beta Defensin 126 variant were significantly less likely to become pregnant than were other couples, and 30 percent less likely to have a birth.This genetic variation in DEFB126 likely accounts for many unexplained cases of infertility, researchers say. They hope next to work with a major infertility program in the U.S. to further explore the role of the mutation.

CANBERRA, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Australian beef is not to blame for a recent outbreak of E.coli in Japan, Meat and Livestock Australia confirmed on Monday.Twenty people have fallen ill in Japan's Toyama prefecture, with 15 of them infected with the O157 strain of E.coli after eating at a popular Korean-style barbecue restaurant chain, Gyukaka, on May 6.The operators of the restaurant chain, REINS International, said they suspected the bacterium might have been carried by beef imported from Australia.After conducting an investigation into the Japanese outbreak, regional manager for Meat and Livestock Australia, Melanie Brock, said testing shows Australian beef was not the source of the outbreak."The Toyama prefecture health authorities have confirmed following a thorough inspection that imported Australian beef was not the source of an incident of E.coli," Brock said in a statement on Monday."The authorities continue to investigate other food consumed by the affected customers."Brock said Australian beef has long been recognized by the Japanese trade and consumers for its strong safety record.Brock added that Australian beef for export to Japan is processed under the veterinary supervision of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, and is recognized internationally as bearing a high hygienic standard.

CANBERRA, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Bushranger Ned Kelly's headless body has finally been identified in Australia, more than 130 years after his execution in the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria's Attorney- General Robert Clark announced on Thursday.Clark said the bushranger's remains have been identified by doctors and scientists at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM).Kelly was an Irish Australian bushranger, considered by some merely a cold-blooded killer, while by others a folk hero and symbol of Irish Australian resistance against oppression by the British ruling class for his defiance of the colonial authorities. He was hanged for murder in 1880 at Old Melbourne Gaol. His daring and notoriety made him an iconic figure in Australian history, folklore, literature, art and film.The project involved collaboration with the ancient DNA laboratory EAAF in Argentina, which has worked with the VIFM on other forensic projects.Clark said "This is an extraordinary achievement by our forensic team here in Victoria," he told reporters in Melbourne on Thursday."To think a group of scientists could identify the body of a man who was executed more than 130 years ago, moved and buried in a haphazard fashion among 33 other prisoners, most of whom are not identified, is amazing." The investigation started when a skull believed to belong to Kelly was handed to the VIFM on Nov. 11, 2009.The skull handed in in 2009 was found not to be that of Ned Kelly, and Glenrowan historian Gary Deans said the next step is to find Kelly's skull."The Government should put a request in the public arena for the return of Ned Kelly's skull," he told ABC News."We know thanks to Jack Cranston, who held the skull around 1929, that it was sitting on a detective's desk. This was around the same time that remains were dug up in the Old Melbourne Gaol."I imagine that that detective or somebody else took it home."

BEIJING, Aug. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- The risk of developing coronary heart disease is 25 percent higher for women smokers compared with men, according to a study published in the British medical journal "The Lancet".The authors say this could be due to the physiological differences between the sexes with cigarette smoke toxins having a more potent effect on women.The study by Dr Rachel R Huxley from the University of Minnesota and Dr Mark Woodward from Johns Hopkins University involved a meta-analysis of around four million individuals and 67,000 coronary heart disease events from 86 studies.The researchers found that the pooled adjusted female-to-male relative risk ratio (RRR) of smoking compared with not smoking for coronary heart disease (CHD) was 1.25 (25 percent) higher for women.This RRR increased by 2 percent for every additional year of follow-up, meaning that the longer a woman smokes, the higher her risk of developing CHD becomes compared with a man who has smoked the same length of time.The authors say, "The finding lends support to the idea of a pathophysiological basis for the sex difference. For example, women might extract a greater quantity of carcinogens and other toxic agents from the same number of cigarettes than men. This occurrence could explain why women who smoke have double the risk of lung cancer compared with their male counterparts."Worldwide, there are 1.1 billion smokers, of whom a fifth are women.According to the Tobacco Atlas, India, with around a crore female smokers, ranks third in the top 20 female smoking populations across the globe, only the U.S. with 2.3 crore female smokers and China with 1.3 crore female smokers, are worse off.

BEIJING, July 6 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Health has issued a national standard on compound food additives to better regulate the production and use of such additives and ensure food safety.Compound food additives, which are designed to improve food quality or assist in food processing, should be used sparingly in food products, according to the standard the ministry issued Tuesday.Titled the General Rule on Compound Food Additives, the standard stipulates that each of the ingredients used for making compound food additives, which are a mix of two or more single food additives, should meet national standards concerning food safety.No chemical reaction should occur and no new compounds should be generated during the production process of compound food additives, according to the standard.Compound food additives producers should clarify limits of the amounts of harmful substances, such as lead and arsenic, in their products and take measures to control the levels of harmful substances, according to the standard, which will come into effect on Sept. 5 this year.