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With Halloween fast approaching, and pandemic safety precautions still in place around the country, it can be difficult deciding how to celebrate this year.A website, Halloween2020.org, backed by the not-for-profit Halloween Industry Association, offers helpful ideas and suggestions to entertain based on geography and current COVID-19 levels.“With the convergence of a full moon, a blue moon, daylight savings time and Saturday celebrations — plus the unprecedented events of this year — Halloween 2020 will truly be one to remember. Much has changed … but our love for the fun, fright, and delight of Halloween is strong as ever,” the website reads.The site features a color-coded map with information provided by the CDC and Harvard Global Health Institute of COVID-19 cases in every county in America. Based on the color, different activities are recommended.Red, or high COVID-19 rates, can celebrate in person with a small number of friends adhering to local safety orders, or keep it to house residents only with a costume-required dinner, scavenger hunt around the house to entertain the kids, some Halloween-themed karaoke, or a night of scary Netflix shows.In counties designed as orange, consider sitting outside in costume as friends, neighbors and family walk or drive by with candy. Or, get together with neighbors to create a neighborhood candy hunt, complete with a treasure map.As COVID-19 rates decrease, the ability to celebrate with others expands. Including curbside or garage trick-or-treating, face mask parties, or outdoor costume parties.Stay safe, even while celebrating, by taking simple precautions.Recommendations from the HIA and CDC include adults placing candy on a clean table and allowing kids to grab it themselves, remain six feet away from other people not in the same household, carry hand sanitizer and use frequently, then remember to wash hands thoroughly before enjoying any candy or treats. 1942

With news of two highly effective COVID-19 vaccines on the horizon, health officials and scientists are giving us new insight into how we could gain herd immunity."If we think of the population as a single group of people with all similar risks and susceptibilities and behaviors, we need 60% of people to be immune, meaning that not only they don’t get sick, but also they don't pass on the virus to other people," says Dr. Stuart Ray, an infectious disease professor and herd immunity expert at Johns Hopkins University.Dr. Ray says achieving herd immunity with the help of a COVID-19 vaccine would mean enough people would either get the vaccine or already have recovered from the virus and be immune to help stop the spread of the virus."It's a little bit like this notion that if you’re going to pass on a message from a lot of people in a group, they have to speak the same language. And the more people don't speak the language, the harder it's going to be to pass that message and there’s a threshold at which the message just gets stopped," says Dr. Ray.Still, it would take a certain number of people to get the vaccine and have that immunity last in order to reach herd immunity. Stanford University's Dr. Bali Pulendran hopes that we can achieve herd immunity, even though there are a certain number of people who are still hesitant to take the vaccine."I think we should remember that a vaccine that is 95% effective is only effective if the majority of people in a population take it. If only half the population or only 60% of the population take it, then we are unlikely to have achieved the level of herd immunity that you need for curbing the disease," says Dr. Pulendran.And if the new COVID-19 vaccine requires two doses, how crucial will it be to make sure people receive that second round of immunization?Asked whether follow up will be a concern, Dr. Ray says, "I think it is a possible concern. We’re going to do a lot of learning. So, one of the things we’ve learned is that some vaccines we thought you needed multiple doses, one dose works pretty well."Doctors say research will be ongoing on the vaccine and the virus itself to ensure people will be protected as much as possible, because so many are hopeful for an end to COVID-19. 2268

When police in Winfield, Kansas, pulled Rudy Samuel over, the 31-year-old felt he had done nothing wrong. So he started recording the encounter on Facebook Live."Officer says I failed to put my signal light on within a hundred feet," he says to the camera. "And it wasn't a hundred feet, but whatever."The video, shot on May 13, begins after Samuel provides Winfield police officers with his license and registration.When the two policemen approach Samuel's car again, they offer a different reason for the traffic stop."Hey Mr. Samuel, what caught my attention was this vegetation stuff right here," one of them says, pulling something from the seal of the car's driver's-side window. 693

White House chief of staff John Kelly personally denied calling President Donald Trump an "idiot" in an afternoon conversation with the commander in chief, relaying nearly the same statement in his face-to-face talk with the President as the one he released publicly, according to an administration official.An NBC report published Monday claimed, among other things, that Kelly had said during an immigration-related meeting that he needed to "save (Trump) from himself" while insulting the President's intelligence by calling him an "idiot.""I spend more time with the President than anyone else and we have an incredibly candid and strong relationship. He always knows where I stand and he and I both know this story is total BS," Kelly said in a statement. "I am committed to the President, his agenda, and our country. This is another pathetic attempt to smear people close to President Trump and distract from the administration's many successes."The situation is similar to when reports surfaced that then-Secretary of State Rex Tillerson called Trump a "moron."But the White House official pointed out a big difference between the Kelly incident and Tillerson -- Kelly immediately denied the report and denounced it to the President's face. Tillerson declined to do so, simply saying he wouldn't play that Washington game. 1348

With New Year's Eve right around the corner, a new San Diego company says it can deliver the cure to a hangover right to your front door. But the cost-benefit of the service is up for debate. The company, called CureDash, is an app on the iPhone and GooglePlay stores. It connects San Diegans to providers that offer house calls with licensed nurses who administer an I.V. with a saline-based solution to help rehydrate. They promise to arrive within an hour. "Me and my co-founder both got it and we felt the results within minutes," said Emil Juboori, who co-founded CureDash. "You can request our service through our app. You'll have a short video call with our doctor, you'll do a quick assessment and then we dispatch a nurse to your location."Juboori said the nurses do check patients vitals and ask them health questions once they arrive at their homes. CureDash costs 5 and does not take insurance. "I wouldn't consider this to be effective medical therapy," said Dr. Shawn Evans, an emergency room physician at Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla. "My strong preference is if you think you need somebody coming out to your house to put a needle into your arm to give you massive resuscitative fluids, ultimately you should be in front of a qualified medical professional and making sure you don't have something more significant."Evans said an I.V. can make you feel better in the short term, but you will urinate a good portion of the extra fluids within an hour. Evans said a trip to urgent care is likely more affordable and that he remains concerned about at-home services like these. Evans said an affordable way to rehydrate is to mix:Six teaspoons of sugarA half teaspoon of saltFour cups of warm waterEvans said to drink a mouthful every five minutes and it will stay in your system. 1814

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