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WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have found two gene mutations occurring in oligodendrogliomas, the second-most common form of brain cancer, according to a study to be published Friday in journal Science.For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in oligodendrogliomas evolvement. Scientists know the two chromosomes held the probable mutations, but the particular gene information remains unclear.Now scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have discovered the most likely genetic mutations that researchers have been hunting for on chromosomes 1 and 19.The genes they identified, CIC or FUBP1, are tumor suppressor genes. The cancer-related pathways that involve these genes could become targets for future treatments, said Hai Yan, a Duke associate professor of pathology and co-corresponding author of the study.The researchers found CIC on chromosome 19 and FUBP1 on chromosome 1 based on an initial study of seven oligodendrogliomas. They found six mutations and two mutations, respectively, in the seven tumors. Further study of 27 more of these tumors showed that there were 12 and three mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively. The two genes were rarely mutated in other types of cancers, indicating that they are oligodendroglioma-specific genes.These genes were difficult to find until the technology improved, said Yan."The team used whole genome sequencing technology so that no genes would be excluded, and we found to our surprise that one gene, on chromosome 19, was mutated in six out of the seven initial tumor specimens we sequenced," Yan said. "A mutation frequency of 85 percent is very high."The finding of two additional new genes involved in oligodendrogliomas increases the chances for an effective combination drug therapy for the tumor, Yan said. He envisions a combination cocktail of drugs similar to the combination-drug treatments taken by HIV patients that would target different pathways involved in cancer, and assist both in reducing the chance of relapsing and increasing odds of success.

SINGAPORE, July 10 (Xinhua) -- The upcoming Natural History Museum in Singapore launched a drive on Sunday to raise 12 million Singapore dollars (9.8 million U.S. dollars) by the end of the month to buy three dinosaur fossils from a company in Wyoming, the United States.The three dinosaurs on offer from the company Dinosauria International, thought to be a family, were found between 2007 and last year in the United States, the Straits Times reported on Sunday.Appollo and Prince, the two adult diplodocid sauropods, is about 24 meters long, while the baby Twinky is about 12 meters.The natural history museum is expected to be completed by 2014. The three dinosaur fossils will cost 870 million Singapore dollars, and an additional 370 million Singapore dollars will be spent to set up the exhibition."They wanted the museum to tell the story of the history of life and evolution. Dinosaurs are the history of life," said Professor Peter Ng, director of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, referring to the approval from the scientific advisory committee for the acquisition.The Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research of the National University of Singapore went on an intensive fund raising campaign last year to build the dedicated Natural History Museum.The museum said it has found the amount to be challenging. It is therefore appealing for help from the public through the media."The idea was always to have a central gallery and put something there that would make people go 'Whoa!,'" said Ng.

concerned about weaker economic growth being a reality for most advanced economies."Further mis-steps from European and US policymakers risk converting the cracks in their economies into a much deeper global system crisis which would have worrying economic and?social consequences," he warned.But Smith, whose bank is focusing on Asia to drive profit growth, remains optimistic for the outlook in the Asia-Pacific region.He said that the fact is that Australia is incredibly well positioned because of the nation's linkage to Asia, which remains the best performing part of the global economy.His comments came after ANZ reported a 1.45 billion U.S. dollars underlying profit for the June quarter, up 1.3 percent compared to the March quarter.

WELLINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Scientists in New Zealand have developed a new drug to fight previously untreatable hypoxic cancer tumors, which form in areas of the body starved of oxygen.The researchers at the Auckland University have entered an agreement for the clinical development of CEN-209, which was developed over 10 years of research, said a statement from the university Tuesday.CEN-209 was designed to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in solid hypoxic tumors, which were resistant to standard cancer therapies, said the statement. In lung cancer patients for example, about half of tumors had hypoxic regions.The new drug worked by damaging the DNA of hypoxic cancer cells, while leaving normal, healthy tissues alone.CEN-209 was designed and created by researchers at the university's Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), using computer models of drug transport within tumors to accurately predict the anti-tumor activity of the drugs."Our computer models of drug transport developed in-house allowed the synthetic chemists to test their design theories and considerably shortened the discovery process," said Associate Professor Michael Hay, who led the ACSRC research chemists."CEN-209 improves markedly on previous agents in this class in terms of its ability to penetrate tumors, and this is reflected by its improved activity in the laboratory, when combined with long or short courses of radiotherapy," said researcher Professor Bill Wilson.Under the agreement between the university's Auckland UniServices Ltd. and California-based Centella Therapeutics, Inc., a subsidiary of Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Centella will have exclusive rights to CEN-209, which it will develop and trial with Cancer Research UK.The work on CEN-209 is the culmination of a program initiated with funding from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, and more recently from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery. Ongoing preclinical research on CEN-209 and a backup compound was funded by grants from the Auckland Medical Research Foundation, Genesis Oncology Trust and Health Research Council of New Zealand, said the statement.