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The Supreme Court unanimously held on Wednesday that the 8th Amendment's prohibition on excessive fines applies to state and local governments, in addition to the federal governmentThe opinion was written and delivered from the bench by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, her first opinion issued since her cancer surgery in December.Ginsburg was present for oral arguments in the case, which took place in late November."Like the Eighth Amendment's proscriptions of 'cruel and unusual punishment' and '[e]xcessive bail,' the protection against excessive fines guards against abuses of government's punitive or criminal law-enforcement authority," 654

The US Food and Drug Administration confirmed that PFAS chemicals have made their way into the US food supply. On Monday, the FDA publicly acknowledged the initial findings of the agency's investigation into how the "forever chemicals" have been detected in the foods we eat.PFAS is a family of nearly 5,000 synthetic chemicals that are extremely persistent in the environment and in our bodies. PFAS is short for perfluoroalky and polyfluoroalkyl substances and includes chemicals known as PFOS, PFOA and GenX, sometimes called forever chemicals. These chemicals all share signature elemental bonds of fluorine and carbon, which are extremely strong and difficult to break down in the environment or in our bodies.These chemicals can easily migrate into the air, dust, food, soil and water and can accumulate in the body. They've been linked to adverse health impacts including liver damage, thyroid disease, decreased fertility, high cholesterol, obesity, hormone suppression and cancer.In the body, PFAS chemicals primarily 1039

The second debate of the 2020 Democratic presidential primary, hosted by CNN, will take place in Detroit on July 30 and 31, the Democratic National Committee announced Tuesday.The debate will bring the crowded field of Democratic candidates to the battleground state of Michigan, which President Donald Trump won in 2016.The debate will feature randomized lineups drawn from a maximum of 20 qualifying candidates. A total of 12 presidential primary debates are planned during the 2020 cycle. The first debate, hosted by NBC News, will be June 26-27 in Miami.The 2020 Democratic field is already large and diverse, with more than a dozen contenders in the race and other high-profile candidates, including former Vice President Joe Biden and Georgia Democrat Stacey Abrams, still considering a run.Qualifying for the debates is based on a two-path system, determined by polling and grass-roots fundraising. The selection methodology will use the two measures in combination if more than 20 candidates qualify and the field needs to be narrowed down.The debate will be over two days because the field is too big to fit on one stage. The Democratic National Committee will pick at random who ends up on each day. Up to 10 candidates will be onstage each night, so if there are more than 20 Democrats running, those who have not reached the threshold for grass-roots fundraising or polling will be excluded from the debate.According to the debate guidelines, candidates "may qualify for the debate by registering at 1% or more support in three separate polls (either national polls or polls of the electorate in Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and/or Nevada) publicly released between January 1, 2019, and 14 days prior to the date of the debate," with "qualifying polls" coming from a DNC-approved list. That list includes polls from the Associated Press, ABC News, CBS News, CNN, Des Moines Register, Fox News, Las Vegas Review-Journal, Monmouth University, NBC News, New York Times, NPR, Quinnipiac University, Reuters, University of New Hampshire, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Washington Post and Winthrop University.The three polls used by candidates to qualify for the debate must be from three different organizations, or the same organization but of different geographical areas.In addition to the polling criteria, candidates may qualify if they have received campaign contributions from at least 65,000 unique donors, and a minimum of 200 unique donors per state in at least 20 US states. 2513

The powerful tornadoes that plowed through Lee County in Alabama and killed at least 23 people left a path of destruction that looked "as if someone had taken a blade and just scraped the ground," the county sheriff said Monday.At daybreak, emergency crews and residents witnessed more of the aftermath of the twisters that Sheriff Jay Jones called "catastrophic," and the search was on for survivors and more victims.It appears that some people had only a five-minute warning Sunday afternoon before tornadoes ripped through the region.A tornado watch was issued for the area around noon. The first tornado warning for Lee County was issued at 2:58 p.m. ET, and the first reports of damage came just five minutes later, CNN Meteorologist Gene Norman said, according to National Weather Service data.It appeared that two tornadoes hit Lee County back-to-back within the span of an hour, Norman said.A warning for a second tornado was issued at 3:38 p.m. ET, with the first reports of damage coming 13 minutes later.At least a dozen tornadoes touched down in Alabama and Georgia on Sunday afternoon, according to the NWS.The National Weather Service recorded EF-3 damage in southern Lee County. That classification means the damage was severe, with winds of 136 to 165 miles per hour.How the destruction unfoldedTornado watch for Lee County issued around 12 p.m. ETTornado warning 2:58 p.m. ETFirst reports of damage 3:03 p.m. ETFurther damage reports 3:30 p.m. ETSecond tornado warning 3:38 p.m ETFirst reports of damage 3:51 p.m. ETMore damage reported 4 p.m. ETAlabama's deadliest since 2011The 23 deaths reported on Sunday marked the deadliest day for tornadoes in Alabama since the Tuscaloosa-Birmingham tornado that killed more than 200 people in 2011.The victims, including children, died in Lee County, Jones said. At least 12 of those deaths occurred in an area about 5 to 6 miles south of the city of Opelika, he said.Jones told 1950

The Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office says at least five people are dead following a plane crash in Florida near Pahokee airport at 3800 S.R. 715.Palm Beach County Fire Rescue said a twin-engine Piper aircraft went down in Lake Okeechobee while approaching the Pahokee Airport at around 3:30 p.m.The aircraft when down just north of the airport, about 400 yards from shore.The flight departed from Tampa International Airport, according to the FAA. Officials at the airport said the plane was at Sheltair Aviation's hangar. PBSO said one person was seen swimming away from the airplane, but has not been located.Palm Beach County Fire Rescue divers are currently searching in the water, the sheriff's office said.The FAA issued an Alert Notice triggering the search for the twin-engine Piper Aircraft. 814

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