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SAN FRANCISCO, July 29 (Xinhua) -- Apple has ousted Nokia as the world's largest smartphone maker as global mobile phone market grew more than 11.3 percent in the second quarter of 2011, according to two separate market research studies.After becoming the largest smartphone vendor in terms of revenue and profits, Apple has become the world's largest smartphone vendor by volume with 18.5 percent market share, said the latest research from Strategy Analytics released on Friday.The Cupertino, California-based company sold 20.3 million iPhones in the second quarter,up 142 percent compared with the same period a year earlier.Samsung's shipments of 19.2 million units grew a huge 520 percent year over year, accounting for 17.5 percent global smartphone market share in the second quarter of 2011.Apple and Samsung overtook long-time volume leader Nokia for the two spots. The Finnish mobile phone giant accounted for 15.2 percent of global smartphone market share in the last quarter, which is less than half of what it was just one year earlier.In the second quarter of 2010, Nokia was the No.1 smartphone maker by volume in the world with 38.1 percent of market share. The industry is now waiting Nokia's pending transition to Windows Phone 7.According to a separate report by International Data Corporation (IDC) released on Thursday, the worldwide mobile phone market grew by 11.3 percent year over year in the second quarter of 2011 despite a decline of the feature phone market for the first time in almost two years.The feature phone market was down by 4 percent in the last quarter, said the IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker report. It noted that the decline in shipments was mainly in economically mature regions, such as the United States, Japan and Western Europe, as users making rapid transition to smartphones.The shrinking feature phone market had a great impact on some of the world's largest suppliers of mobile phones, such as Nokia, which is losing share in the feature phone category to low-cost suppliers, said the report.For the overall market, global mobile phone vendors shipped 365. 4 million units in the second quarter, compared to 328.4 million units in the same period last year, with Nokia still holding the top spot with a market share of 24.2 percent, followed by Samsung, LG Electronics, Apple and ZTE.But the 11.3 percent growth was lower than IDC's forecast for the quarter and also below the 16.8 percent growth in the first quarter of 2011.IDC said the feature phone forecast isn't expected to be any rosier in the future and the shipment growth of feature phones won 't exceed 1.1 percent in the coming years.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

BERLIN, June 5 (Xinhua) -- German authority said on Sunday that bean sprouts might be the "most convincing" source for the E. coli outbreak which has killed 22 people and infected more than 2,000 in the Europe.Gert Lindemann, Agriculture Minister of the state Lower Saxony, told reporters in a press conference that restaurants and food outlets where the cases of E. coli had been reported all had received shipments of the particular bean sprouts.A related company in the Uelzen region has been shut down and its products have been recalled, he said."It is the most convincing... source for the E. coli outbreak," Lindemann said. Although a conclusive laboratory analysis will not come out until Monday, current indications were strong enough to issue a public warning, he said.Authorities have been racing to track down the source of the pathogen since the outbreak, which has infected people in 12 countries - all of whom had once traveled in northern Germany. More than 600 of those infected have developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a potentially deadly complication attacking the kidneys.The source of E.coli was first thought to be the cucumbers from Spain, which has caused huge loses for Spain farmers. However, this conclusion was overthrown by Laboratory tests in Hamburg on Tuesday.

XIAMEN, June 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese mainland on Sunday announced a raft of measures on tourism, transportation, farmers and food safety to boost Taiwan's economic growth and cross-Strait relations.A pilot plan allowing mainlanders to visit Taiwan as individual tourists will start on June 28, which covers residents of Beijing, Shanghai and southeastern city of Xiamen at the first stage, said Wang Yi, head of the State Council's Taiwan Affairs Office.Wang told a conference at the weeklong Straits Forum being held in Xiamen of Fujian Province that the mainland and Taiwan also agreed to allow Fujian residents to visit the islands of Kinmen, Matsu and Penghu in the Taiwan Strait as individual tourists.Observers predict that the influx of mainland tourists will bring vitality to Taiwan's export-oriented economy which had greatly suffered from the global economic downturn.Currently, mainlanders are only allowed to visit Taiwan on package tours after the authorities lifted a partial ban in July 2008.At Sunday's conference, the two sides also announced to increase the number of cross-Strait passenger flights by more than 50 percent to 558 flights per week, and add terminals for the direct flights in four mainland cities, including one in northwestern city of Lanzhou, which brought the total number of cross-Strait flight terminals to 50 on both sides of the Strait.The moves aim to cope with the increasing number of mainlanders who wish to visit Taiwan.The number of mainland tourists traveling to the island reached 2.34 million as of the end of May, China's top tourism official said at the conference. There are also an increasing number of mainland business travelers and government delegations visiting Taiwan.Meanwhile, both sides agreed to "regulate airfares" for flights from Beijing and Shanghai to Taipei.Currently, the cheapest one-way ticket between Beijing and Taipei on Air China, the mainland's flagship carrier, costs around 1,300 yuan (about 200 U.S. dollars) while a full price one-way ticket costs more than 3,000 yuan, according to the airline's website.Some members of the public on both sides have complained about the high price.For the past decades, travelers had to transfer at other airports, particularly the one in Hong Kong, in order to reach Taiwan by air.In 2003, the two sides agreed to operate charter flights during Spring Festival, China's biggest public holiday.Regular direct flights across the Strait have been available since July 2008 to mainly serve mainland package tourists visiting Taiwan.The mainland also decided to facilitate entry and exit procedures for Taiwan residents and lower charges for endorsing their passports by 50 percent starting from July 1.Meanwhile, four "enterprising parks" will be set up in four cities of Fujian, central Henan and southwestern Guangxi provinces for Taiwan farmers launching agricultural startups on the mainland, said Wang Yi.Both sides also agreed to encourage mainland enterprises to purchase farm produce and other products listed in the early harvest program of the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) directly in Taiwan.A general manager surnamed Lin of a farm produce company in Taiwan's southern city of Tainan said he hoped to seize the opportunity to benefit from the development of the island's farm and fishing sector as the mainland has become Taiwan's largest export market.Further, both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation and exchanges concerning nuclear power security and food safety.The third Straits Forum, which opened Saturday in Xiamen, facing Taiwan across the Strait, will close in the island's city of Taichung on Friday.

WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.