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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - As the Valley Fire burned for a fifth straight day, blackening thousands of acres in rural eastern San Diego County, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra issued a consumer alert today warning that charging excessive prices for goods and services is illegal during a state of emergency.The state's price gouging law holds that it is unlawful to raise the price of items more than 10% after a state of emergency has been declared.Violations of the price gouging statute could carry penalties of up to one year in county jail and/or a ,000 fine. Civil enforcement actions could also include up to ,500 per violation and other monetary penalties.As of midday Wednesday, the Valley Fire had burned more than 17,000 acres and was 11% contained. It was one of many blazes ravaging the state, including the El Dorado Fire in San Bernardino County and the Creek Fire in Fresno, Madera and Mariposa counties.``Multiple fires burning throughout the state have forced evacuations for thousands of California residents. During this difficult time, they shouldn't have to worry about whether they're being illegally cheated out of fair prices,'' Becerra said.``Our state's price gouging law protects people impacted by an emergency from illegal price gouging on housing, gas, food and other essential supplies. I encourage anyone who has been the victim of price gouging, or who has information regarding potential price gouging, to immediately file a complaint with our office online at oag.ca.gov/report, or to contact their local police department or sheriff's office.''The Attorney General's Office said the law applies to those who sell emergency supplies like food, medical supplies, building materials, and gasoline, as well as emergency services like repair or reconstruction, cleanup, transportation, freight and storage services, hotel accommodations, and rental housing. However, exceptions to the statute do exist, such as if the price of labor, goods, or materials has increased for the business. 2032

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - California State Treasurer John Chiang will visit San Diego Tuesday as part of a five-city tour to announce the launch of CalSavers, the state's new retirement savings program.CalSavers will serve as a state-run retirement plan for private-sector workers at companies with five employees or more. State officials boast that accounts provided by the program are portable and paid for by payroll contributions. Gov. Jerry Brown authorized the program's implementation in 2016 and enrollment will open next July.Program guidelines require qualifying employers to enroll their employees in the program within the next five years, but employees themselves can opt out. State officials estimate CalSavers will help roughly 7.5 million California residents save for retirement."CalSavers' goal is to escape a vicious, societal circle, where each successive generation of Americans is on track to retire poorer than the last," Chiang wrote in a March opinion piece in the Orange County Register. "If we continue this trend by doing nothing, the strain on taxpayer funded health and human services likely would undermine the long-term financial stability of our state."The Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association filed suit against the state in May over the program, arguing it violates federal law to establish a state- run retirement savings program. The case remains pending, but Chiang expressed confidence earlier this month to the Fresno Bee that it lacks teeth.Chiang will be joined by State Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, D-San Diego, and AARP California Executive Council Joe Garbanzos at the launch event, which begins at 2:15 p.m. at the State Office Building at 1350 Front St. Chiang also plans to visit Los Angeles, Fresno, Sacramento and San Francisco. 1788

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - An El Cajon man was sentenced Friday to 14 years in prison for distributing fentanyl, some of which caused the fatal overdose of a former player for the San Diego Old Aztecs Rugby Football Club.Christopher Glenn Emison, 33, pleaded guilty earlier this year to a distribution of fentanyl count for selling more than 40 grams of the drug, some of which led to the death of 45-year-old Derrick Hotchkiss in his San Diego home on April 11, 2019.A co-defendant, 34-year-old San Diego resident Jeffrey Alden Blair, pleaded guilty in February and is due to be sentenced next month.Prosecutors say Hotchkiss had text messages on his phone indicating Emison sold him fentanyl the night before his death.Shortly after Hotchkiss' death, investigators searched Emison's home and vehicle and seized fentanyl, heroin residue, firearms, ammunition and other items indicating drug sales.Prosecutors say Emison admitted to knowing the fentanyl was dangerous and apparently sent text messages to Hotchkiss to warn him of the drug's strength but never received a response."Selling drugs is not a victimless crime. Selling drugs is a root cause of crime, cartel violence, the destruction of families and in this case, death," said DEA Special Agent in Charge John W. Callery.U.S. Attorney Robert Brewer said, "This case and the fact that deadly fentanyl continues to ravage our community, taking more than 300 lives this year alone in San Diego County, demonstrates the urgent need to hold these dealers of death accountable for their actions."A statement from the Old Aztecs Rugby Football Club said, "We continue to grieve our beloved Deez ... Saturdays won't be the same; he was a large man with a heart to match." 1723

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Federal, state and local government offices will be closed in San Diego Monday for the observed Veterans Day holiday.In the city of San Diego, the closures include administrative offices, libraries, recreation centers and municipal pools. The Tecolote Nature Center will also be closed.City-run facilities that will be open today include municipal golf courses, the Mission Trails Regional Park visitor center, Chollas Lake, the San Vicente Reservoir and Miramar Landfill. Curbside trash pickup in San Diego will take place as normal. Parking meters, parking restrictions and yellow zones 614