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Toni Morrison, author of seminal works of literature on the black experience such as "Beloved," "Song of Solomon" and "Sula" and the first African-American woman to win a Nobel Prize, has died, her publisher Knopf confirmed to CNN.She was 88.Morrison's novels gazed unflinchingly on the lives of African Americans and told their stories with a singular lyricism, from the post-Civil War maelstrom of "Beloved" to the colonial setting of "A Mercy" to the modern yet classic dilemmas depicted in her 11th novel, "God Help the Child."Her talent for intertwining the stark realities of black life with hints of magical realism and breathtaking prose gained Morrison a loyal literary following. She was lauded for her ability to mount complex characters and build historically dense worlds distant in time yet eerily familiar to the modern reader.Themes such as slavery, misogyny, colorism and supernaturalism came to life in her hands.A decorated novelist, editor and educator -- among other prestigious academic appointments, she was a professor emeritus at Princeton University -- Morrison said writing was the state in which she found true freedom."I know how to write forever. I don't think I could have happily stayed here in the world if I did n't not have a way of thinking about it, which is what writing is for me. It's control. Nobody tells me what to do. It's mine, it''s free, and it's a way of thinking. It's pure knowledge," Morrison said.The words of othersMorrison, who was nearly 40 when she published her first novel in 1970, wasn't an overnight success.The author was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, the daughter of George and Ella Ramah Wofford, whom she often credited with instilling in her a love of the arts.A strong and prolific reader as a child, Morrison studied Latin and devoured European literature.Growing up in Lorain, Morrison has said, she played and attended school with children of various backgrounds, many of them immigrants. Race and racism were not the overriding concerns in her childhood that they would become in her books."When I was in first grade, nobody thought I was inferior. I was the only black in the class and the only child who could read," she once told the 2255

Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin informed Congress early Wednesday evening that his department would be unable to comply with House Democrats' deadline for President Donald Trump's tax returns.In a letter Wednesday to House Ways and Means Chairman Richard Neal, Mnuchin said that "the Treasury Department will not be able to complete its review" by the April 10 deadline Democrats had given Internal Revenue Service Commissioner Charles Rettig to turn over six years of Trump's personal and business tax returns.Highlighting what he called the "unprecedented nature of this request," Mnuchin said that he would be overseeing the Treasury's handling of the request and that the Department of Justice was being consulted "to ensure that our response is fully consistent with the law and Constitution.""The Committee's request raises serious issues concerning the constitutional scope of Congressional investigative authority, the legitimacy of the asserted legislative purpose, and the constitutional rights of American citizens," he added.A week after Neal made 1074

The US will dramatically expand its efforts to enforce a rule that denies funding to overseas aid groups and health organizations that provide or promote abortion services, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Tuesday.The move will undermine a broad array of health programs focused on HIV, malaria, maternal and child health, and likely result in more unsafe abortions, aid groups said."We will refuse to provide assistance to groups who provide funding to other groups" that provide or discuss abortion with clients, Pompeo said in an announcement at the State Department. "American taxpayer dollars will not be used to underwrite abortions."Pompeo said that the US would also reduce funding for the Organization of American States for promoting abortion.The Mexico City policy, also known as the global gag rule, is a US mandate that requires foreign organizations to pledge that they won't perform or promote abortion as a condition of receiving US funding for family planning programs.'Just wrong'The policy, applied sporadically by US administrations and broadened by the Trump administration, has been criticized for undercutting services that reduce maternal death and abortions, provide treatment for HIV, tuberculosis and the Zika virus, among other health challenges.The Trump administration, which reapplied and expanded the rule in January 2017, told foreign aid and medical groups that if they promoted or performed abortions, they would be denied US funding for nearly all health assistance programs, including nutrition, malaria, tuberculosis, tropical diseases and maternal and child health, including water, sanitation and hygiene programs.Pompeo said that claims that the expanded policy has negatively impacted HIV, tuberculosis, malaria & unsafe abortion are "just wrong."Spike in unsafe abortionsBut aid groups in Africa and Latin America are documenting a steep decline in services in areas where clinics have closed, staff have been laid off and family planning programs have been eliminated because of the policy."It affects other communicable diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, HIV," Mevine Ouyo, manager of a medical center in Nairobi, Kenya, told CNN. "You cannot separate some of these conditions from reproductive health services."A 2011 2285

The State Department's inspector general has requested a bipartisan staff briefing with relevant congressional committees Wednesday related to documents on Ukraine, according to sources briefed on the matter.The email that went to staff suggested it was "urgent," sources say. One congressional aide described the State IG's request as "highly unusual and cryptically worded."The inspector general said the reason for the briefing was the office had obtained documents from acting legal adviser in the State Department. The offer for the briefing was sent roughly an hour after Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's strongly worded letter Tuesday pushing back against Democrats' scheduled depositions for State Department officials.The inspector general briefing comes as the House committees investigating President Donald Trump and Ukraine have delayed one of those depositions planned for this week, according to an aide, but former US special envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker will appear on Thursday.The aide said Tuesday that the testimony of former US Ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, which had been scheduled for Wednesday, would now occur next Friday, following an agreement between both the committee's and the former ambassador's counsel.Three committees — the House Foreign Affairs, Intelligence and Oversight panels — have scheduled the depositions as part of their probe into whether the President solicited help from a foreign government to dig up dirt on his political opponent, after a whistleblower filed a complaint about the President's July 25 call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and an alleged cover up. The Intelligence Committee will also meet with Intelligence Community Inspector General Michael Atkinson on Friday for a closed briefing.Yovanovitch and Volker were two of the five depositions that the committees have scheduled during the next two weeks while Congress is on recess. But on Tuesday, Pompeo accused the Democrats of 1980

The Senate Tuesday voted overwhelmingly 90 to 8 to confirm President Donald Trump's pick for secretary of defense, Mark Esper, giving the Pentagon its first permanent chief since James Mattis stepped down in January.While he received broad bipartisan backing, several Democratic presidential hopefuls including Sens. Kirsten Gillibrand, Kamala Harris, Cory Booker and Elizabeth Warren voted against Esper who had been Army Secretary and had briefly served as the acting secretary of defense after Trump's initial pick to replace Mattis, Patrick Shanahan's nomination dramatically imploded last month.Following his confirmation vote Trump is expected to formally appoint Esper later on Tuesday and a Pentagon spokesman told reporters a swearing in ceremony is expected Tuesday evening.Esper, a former army officer and West Point classmate of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also worked as a senior staffer on Capitol Hill.Though he received broad bipartisan support he has received some criticism from at least one Democratic lawmaker over his ties to Raytheon, a major defense contractor, where he worked as a lobbyist.The unprecedented length of time without a permanent secretary of defense had been cited as a problem by both Republican and Democrat lawmakers as well as veterans of the defense department.A large number of senior roles at the Pentagon continue to lack permanent appointees.Esper had to step down as acting secretary following his formal nomination due to regulations. Secretary of the Navy Richard V. Spencer has been performing the acting role as Esper went through the confirmation process, making him the third consecutive acting defense secretary since Mattis resigned. 1705