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LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- Heavy rain battered several east China provinces Saturday, destroying homes and farmlands, while drought persisted in some of the country's arid central and southwestern regions.On Friday and Saturday, five counties in Anhui Province were hit by downpour, the provincial meteorological bureau said.It said 23 towns reported over 200 mm of rainfall in the 24 hours from 8 a.m. Friday to 8 a.m. Saturday. In some villages of Huaiyuan County, the precipitation topped 300 mm, about one third of the annual average volume.In Fengtai County alone, 2,048 people were stranded by rain-triggered flood. As of 9 p.m. Saturday, about 800 of them were still waiting for evacuation.Incomplete statistics provided by the provincial government said 280 houses toppled in the rain disaster and another 580 homes were damaged. About 54,800 hectares of cropland was drowned by rain and flood.The direct economic loss was estimated at 240 million yuan (37.6 million U.S. dollars), the provincial government said Saturday night.The provincial weather bureau forecast heavy rain will continue in most parts of Anhui in the coming three days.Heavy rain also wreaked havoc in seven cities and counties of the eastern Shandong Province, causing 230 million yuan of direct economic losses.Torrential rain that lasted more than 24 hours from Friday to Saturday afternoon forced evacuation of nearly 2,000 people in parts of Zaozhuang, Liaocheng and Linyi cities, the provincial civil affairs department said.It said nearly 500 homes toppled and more than 800 others were damaged.China Meteorological Administration has forecast heavy rain in the coming three days in Anhui, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangxi provinces and parts of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the coming two to three days.Little rain has been predicted, however, for the drought-hit provinces in central and southwestern China, the administration said on its website.While the predicted rainfall for Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hunan and Guangxi averages only 2 to 8 mm in four days from Aug. 28 to 31, it said the high temperature in these areas will still hover over 35 degrees Celsius.Affected by the approaching Typhoon Nanmadol, the coastal areas of Guangdong Province will experience high tides Sunday, but the scorching weather will stay next week, the provincial weather bureau said.The high temperature in most parts of the province has topped 35 degrees Celsius.

HELSINKI, Aug. 21 (Xinhua) -- The Finnish company Spektikor has recently developed a novel type of disposable heart rate indicator, local media reported on Sunday.Different from a conventional heart rate monitor, it is a speed heart rate indicator designed for first aid professionals and specially used in first aids in major accidents, disasters and other crises.According to Spektikor, the product is consisted of a heart rate sensor with two EKG electrodes and a LED indicator, which are connected by a 35-cm-long wire.In operation, the sensor is placed on a patient's chest and the LED indicator is sticked to the patient's cheek. If the heart rate is within the normal range, the LED indicator will flash green with each beat. If the heart rate is dangerously low or high, the light will turn red.The product will help hospital staff speed up their work considerably as it is not necessary to check the pulse manually. In addition to saving time, it will also enhance safety, as the LED indicator can be seen clearly at a glance.The market prospect of the disposable heart rate indicator is quite optimistic as there is a worldwide need for the product.

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official has called the country's police to better serve the people when the Communist Party of China (CPC) is meeting the 90th founding anniversary.Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the remark on Sunday evening in meeting with top 10 favorite police officers selected through a nationwide vote.The Ministry of Public Security (MOPS) and the China Central Television have jointly conducted My Favorite Police Officer Competition in the past eight years.This year's winners include 75-year-old detective Wu Guoqing, network security police officer Li Qing from Jiangsu Province, traffic police officer Wu Hao of Miao Nationality from Hunan Province, female SWAT team leader Pan Qin from Guizhou Province.Zhou said that this year's competition attracted more than 150 million online voters which means more and more people are supporting the activity, and all winners should cherish the honor and better serve the people on their own posts.The official called on police officers around the country to learn from the 10 favarite officers and other winners in the competition who have all made outstanding contribution to the security of the people and society.