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Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464

Things looked grim aboard the Southwest flight.About 20 minutes after their flight departed from New York, passengers say they heard what sounded like explosions. The emergency from an engine failure appeared to have shattered a window on the plane. And what was most dire was that a female passenger was being sucked into the hole left by the broken glass.In those tumultuous moments with oxygen masks dangling down the cabin and passengers screaming as they struggled to save the woman, none of the panic came through in the voice of a pilot on Southwest Airlines Flight 1380.Tammie Jo Shults' name has not been officially released by Southwest Airlines, but passengers who were on the flight have identified her as the pilot. Many of them are praising her for how she handled the emergency Tuesday.In air traffic control audio, a female pilot spoke calmly and slowly, describing the emergency that was unraveling more than 30,000 feet in the air -- all the while trying to land a damaged plane suffering engine failure."We have a part of the aircraft missing," she told air traffic control.As they spoke briefly about the emergency landing the plane would have to make in Philadelphia, she asked matter-of-factly: "Could you have the medical meet us there on the runway as well? We've got injured passengers."Air traffic control responded: "Injured passengers, OK. And is your airplane physically on fire?""No, it's not on fire," she replied. "But part of it is missing. They said there's a hole and that someone went out."The air traffic controller responded: "Um, I'm sorry. You said there was a hole and somebody went out? Southwest 1380 it doesn't matter we will work it out there."The plane went from an altitude of 31,684 feet to just about 10,000 feet in a little over five minutes time, according to data from FlightRadar24.com.The plane descended precipitously, passenger Kristopher Johnson said, but the pilot regained control and informed passengers the flight was headed to Philadelphia.Another passenger Marty Martinez said he heard, "Brace for landing. Brace for landing."It was a rough landing, he said, and things were still so chaotic that he wasn't sure if the plane was going to crash."It was just all incredibly traumatic, and finally when we ... came to a halt, of course, the entire crowd was (in) tears and people crying and we were just thankful to be alive," Martinez said.Kathy Farnan, a passenger said that the crew knew what they were doing and kept everyone calm."The pilot was a veteran of the Navy," Farnan told CNN. "She had 32 years in -- a woman. And she was very good."When it was all over, the pilot came out of the cabin and hugged everyone, telling them, "You all did a great job. You did a very good job," said passenger Amy Serafini.They not only praised her technical skills, but her professionalism after they landed.Passengers told CNN affiliate WPVI that she walked through the aisle and talked with passengers to make sure they were all right.Another passenger, Alfred Tumlinson told WPVI: "She has nerves of steel. That lady, I applaud her. I'm going to send her a Christmas card, I'm going to tell you that, with a gift certificate for getting me on the ground. She was awesome."Johnson posted a picture of the shredded engine and thanked the crew, calling them #angelsinthesky.He also tweeted a photo of the crew, calling them heroes. "We lost an engine mid-flight and they guided back to Philly."The female passenger, whom witnesses said was pulled back in from the broken airplane window, died at a Philadelphia hospital, authorities said. Seven others were treated for minor injuries.The plane had departed from New York, bound for Dallas.The-CNN-Wire 3713

This article provides information and education for investors. NerdWallet does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks or securities.If you’ve ever wondered how your retirement savings stacks up against your peers, you’re in good company. The desire to know where you land in the sea of retirement savers is natural, and it can help either kick-start more progress or give you a feeling of satisfaction. But no matter how the numbers make you feel, they may not be the best measure of whether you personally are on track for retirement.What is the average retirement savings?The 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances shows that the average retirement savings for all families is 5,130. The median retirement savings for all families is ,000.Taken on their own, those numbers aren’t incredibly helpful. There are a variety of decent retirement savings benchmarks out there, but how much money other people have isn’t one of them. Even breaking the numbers down by age won’t give you a great picture of where your own finances should be. After all, age is just one factor in how much you should save for retirement — and not everyone who is the same age will retire at the same time.But retirement savings balances do tend to increase with age, as they should — the closer you are to retirement, the more you should have stashed away. (If you’ve been struggling to fund retirement accounts, our guide on how to save money will help.)How much each age has saved for retirementA little fine print upfront: Because averages can be heavily skewed by outliers — in other words, the savings over- and underachievers in each group — we’ve also included median balances. The median can often provide a more representative number than the average, and you’ll notice that the median numbers are quite a bit lower than the averages. (All data is from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances, unless otherwise noted.)It’s also worth noting that both figures include only those who have retirement holdings — there are many people of all ages who do not. In 2019, only about half of families owned any kind of retirement account.Under 35Average household retirement savings: ,170Median household retirement savings: ,000Let’s start with millennials; they’re used to being under the microscope. In 2019, 45% of families headed by someone under age 35 had retirement accounts — meant here to include IRAs, Keoghs and certain employer-sponsored accounts such as 401(k)s, 403(b)s and thrift savings accounts.Of the families in this age group who have retirement holdings, the average value of those holdings is ,170, and the median value is ,000. In other words, 3,352 and 1,444 pieces of avocado toast, respectively.If you’re not sure how much you should save for retirement, it’s best to get an idea for it sooner rather than later — you don’t want to be heading into retirement without enough saved.Ages 35 to 44Average household retirement savings: 1,950Median household retirement savings: ,000This age range encompasses the oldest millennials and the youngest of Generation X. More than half (56%) of households headed by someone of this age have retirement accounts, according to the data.The average and median values of this group’s retirement holdings are significantly higher than those of the under-35 set. These are strong earning years alongside peak spending years. Particularly for those who have kids, dollars may be stretched around paying for child care, saving for college and saving for retirement. If you’re looking to increase those retirement savings, an IRA can be a great way to do it.Ages 45 to 54Average household retirement savings: 4,720Median household retirement savings: 0,000This group is still part of Generation X, with the oldest members about a decade from what’s considered the standard retirement age. About 58% of households headed by someone this age have retirement holdings, according to the SCF.These can be peak earning years, especially for men, who see earnings growth until age 55, according to compensation research firm PayScale. The company’s research shows women top out over a decade earlier, at 44.Ages 55 to 64Average household retirement savings: 8,420Median household retirement savings: 4,000These are baby boomers, and the oldest among them are knocking on retirement’s door — just a couple of short years from Social Security’s definition of full retirement age. About 54.5% of households headed by a baby boomer have retirement holdings.Ages 65 to 74Average household retirement savings: 6,070Median household retirement savings: 4,000The bulk of these households include someone who is in retirement, or at least of retirement age. As a result, many are at the stage when they are probably spending, rather than accumulating, savings. According to the SCF, 48% of this age group have retirement accounts.After this point, average and median retirement account values begin to fall, as does the percentage of people who have retirement accounts. For households headed by someone age 75 or older, the median value of retirement holdings is ,000, with an average holding of 7,920.What do these numbers tell you?The headline here: Most people aren’t saving enough for retirement and are entering retirement with very little stashed away.“If you use these numbers as your guiding star, you’ll likely be in the same state as most of the country: unprepared for retirement.”That’s just one reason why the average retirement savings for someone your age isn’t a benchmark. If you use these numbers as your guiding star, you’ll likely be in the same state as most of the country: unprepared for retirement.How much you should have saved, and how much you should be saving, have nothing to do with where others your age stand. It has everything to do with your income, planned retirement spending, expected retirement age and life expectancy.If you want to find out how much you personally will need to retire, aretirement calculator can help. And if that calculator tells you you’re behind? An IRA is a good place to start catching up.More From NerdWalletSure, Stocks Are Fun. But ETFs Are SmartThe Upsides to Thinking About When You Will Die4 Tax Triggers New Investors Need to Know AboutAlana Benson is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: abenson@nerdwallet.com. 6422

Thirty-seven children die each year as a result of being left in a hot car according to the National Safety Council. Every death seems to prompt a discussion on ways to prevent these tragedies by reminding drivers of their precious backseat cargo.Safety advocates have just scored a win as automaker Nissan announced plans Tuesday to make rear door alerts standard in eight vehicle types by model year 2019.The system will notify drivers if the rear door was opened before a trip but not reopened after the car is parked and the ignition is turned off, with an initial display in the instrument panel and a series of discrete honks. Nissan aims to have the rear door alerts in all four-door trucks, sedans and SUVs by model year 2022, the company said in a statement. 775

This data hack is huge -- 1.4 billion passwords are now floating around on the dark web. In December, a massive data leak was discovered, and many computer gurus are capable of accessing the information, said cybersecurity expert Dan Petro. "Certainly like one of the biggest password leaks ever," said Petro.Hackers combined smaller lists with new hacked data into one massive database."If you're like almost everybody else, you probably just have one password or maybe a small set of passwords you use for basically everything. So having these leaked online is threatening not just to your one account but perhaps all the other ones," Petro said.Rob Hanna was one of the many internet users whose password was exposed. Within seconds of accessing the database, someone could easily find his hacked password and email."I’m really quite stunned about that. That's scary. And I've been pretty careful about trying to really manage that for a lot of years," said Hanna.Even if your bank account password is different, Petro said with access to your email account, hackers can get into your bank using the "forgot password" feature. It often emails you a link that lets you or a hacker set up a new password.Security experts recommend frequently changing passwords, using hard-to-guess passwords. For those who have a tough time remembering passwords, something called 2-factor authentication can help.Most email services let you turn it on in your settings. Whenever someone tries to sign into your account from a new computer or phone, not only do they need your password but a secret code texted from your email company to your phone. You must enter both."That way if your password gets leaked in a large online database such as this one attacker still won't be able to log in," said Petro.Hanna, who has kept a spreadsheet of his emails and passwords for different sites, now has a task ahead of him: figure out which of the several dozen logins he uses must be changed so no one does any damage using his hacked information."So if that kind of got out and someone really wanted to kind of take a run at me that could give them a lot control," Hanna said. 2199

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