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WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Vitamin D levels are significantly lower in patients with recurrent inflammatory spinal cord disease, according to a study published online Monday in Archives of Neurology.Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin that promotes the intestinal absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. In recent years, low levels of vitamin D have been linked to a variety of autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the importance of vitamin D in monophasic or recurrent non-MS spinal cord diseases including transverse myelitis and neuromyelitis optica is unknown, according to background information in the article.Transverse myelitis (TM) is a disease of the spinal cord in which there is involvement of the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers; symptoms include back pain and weakness in the legs. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disease of the central nervous system that affects the optic nerves and spinal cord.Maureen Mealy, of Johns Hopkins University and colleagues investigated the association between low serum vitamin D levels and recurrent spinal cord disease. They analyzed data on vitamin D levels among 77 patients with monophasic (having only one phase or stage) and recurrent inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord, adjusting for season, age, sex, and race. The study found that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients who developed recurrent spinal cord disease."Our findings suggest that there may be an association between lower total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with recurrent TM/NMO/ spectrum disorders as compared with their counterparts with monophasic disease," the authors report. They suggest that future studies are needed to further assess the relationship between vitamin D and recurrent spinal cord disease.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- Representatives from 120 countries attending the WHO's World Conference on Social Determinants of Health on Friday pledged to maintain investments in healthcare to reduce social gap.A statement adopted at the conference urged governments to maintain international collaboration and promote equal access to healthcare regardless of wealth.Brazilian Health Minister Alexandre Padilha said the economic woes in many countries cannot be a reason to "diminish" their social policies."The crisis cannot be an obstacle, instead it must be an opportunity to consolidate social policies," he said.Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota said at the conference that health was an issue related to sustainable development, which will be discussed at the UN's Rio +20 Conference in 2012."The conference that ended today is an important step toward Rio +20," he said.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- Global tablet shipments reached nearly 27 million units in the fourth quarter of 2011 with Android jumping to a record share of 39 percent, said a new research released on Thursday.According to the research by consulting firm Strategy Analytics, global tablet shipments reached a record high of 26.8 million units in the last quarter of 2011, surging 250 percent from 10.7 million units in the same period a year earlier.Android captured a record 39 percent share of global tablet shipments, rising from 29 percent in the year-ago quarter.Global Android tablet shipments tripled annually to 10.5 million units in the last three months of 2011 and the platform so far is relatively popular with tablet manufacturers, said the research.However, Apple shipped 15.4 million iPads worldwide and maintained its market leadership with 58 percent share during the fourth quarter last year."Apple shrugged off the much-hyped threat from entry-level Android models this quarter," Peter King, director at Strategy Analytics, said in a statement.The research found Microsoft captured a mere 1.5 percent global tablet share in the quarter, noting that "the upcoming release of Windows 8 this year cannot come quickly enough for Microsoft, so its hardware partners can start competing more effectively in the tablet space."In the full year of 2011, global tablet shipments hit 66.9 million units, increasing by 260 percent from 18.6 million units in 2010, according to the research.Consumers are increasingly buying tablets in preference to netbooks and even entry-level notebooks or desktops, said the research.

BERLIN, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in Germany have found a cheap and easy way to synthesize anti-malaria drug in large quantities from waste materials, said the Max Planck Society on Tuesday.Currently there are nearly one million people die worldwide each year due to lack of effective drugs, as sweet wormwood, from which artemisinin, the effective essence to fight malaria can be extracted, only grows in China, Vietnam and a few other countries.However, researchers in Germany have now developed a simple process for the synthesis of artemisinin in laboratory, using artemisinic acid, a substance contained in the by-product, or waste materials of the isolation of artemisinin from sweet wormwoods, as row materials of synthesizing artemisinin."The production of the drug is therefore no longer dependent on obtaining the active ingredient from plants," said Peter Seeberger, director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam and professor at Free University of Berlin.The artemisinic acid in the waste material boasts a volume 10 times greater than the active ingredient itself, said Seeberger, and they could be turned into artemisinin in four and a half minutes in a so-called continuous-flow reactor.Seeberger estimated that 800 of the reactors would be enough to cover the global requirement for artemisinin, and the whole innovative synthesis process could be ready for technical use in three to six months.Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655,000 deaths, mostly among African children.

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- As the Chinese Spring Festival travel rush enters its peak period, more work staff and transport resources have been deployed to ensure safe and convenient transport during the world's largest annual human migration.At 8 a.m. on Jan. 20, two days ahead of the Chinese New Year, Dong Leihong, duty officer at the road network center with the Ministry of Transport (MOT), sat before a huge monitoring screen that displayed real-time highway transport conditions nationwide."Good news! The fog has almost all lifted. Only some local lines in Shanxi province have been blocked by snow. Road transport in the country's other regions is normal," Dong said.The screen showed that some work staff at local toll stations in Shanxi were clearing away the snow, while vehicles were running smoothly despite rain on a section of the Shanghai-Kunming Highway located in eastern Jiangxi province.About 840,000 passenger cars were put into service to meet the day's road travel demand, MOT Spokesman He Jianzhong said at the center. An estimated 82.9 million passenger trips by bus were recorded that day, an increase of 10.8 percent from a year earlier.Passenger trips are expected to rise 9.1 percent year-on-year to hit 3.16 billion during this year's festival travel period, prompting the country's transport system to mobilize more resources.Moreover, the railway, aviation and public security sectors have also adopted multiple measures to embrace the heat of the ongoing 40-day travel rush that started on Jan. 8.At Beijing Railway Station's control center, where the exact information of the location and speed of an operating train as well as train failures is available, more than 80 dispatchers were hired to coordinate the operations of passenger and cargo trains running in north China.Meanwhile, large numbers of police, railway workers and volunteers worked in the whipping winter wind to help with boarding at Beijing West Railway Station.The country required all train ticket buyers to register with their names and have their ID cards checked prior to boarding, a real-name system introduced to stem ticket scalping that has plagued the Spring Festival travel rush for years.Counters dealing with domestic flights also extended service hours at the Beijing Capital International Airport, and more staff members were on site to help with security checks, said Li Guanghui, the airport's general manager.The airport saw about 140,000 departure passengers on Jan. 20, an increase of 29 percent from a year earlier, according to Li.To help road travellers deal with emergencies, the Ministry of Public Security established 8,300 service stations nationwide to provide car repair, medical care, rest and guidance services.Some local transport departments also prepared drinking water, food, and cotton clothes to ensure supplies in case of traffic jams on highways.The local traffic police department in Zhaoqing, a city in southern China's Guangdong province, set up 17 rest stops for long-distance motorcyclists at several national highways that pass through the city.The move aims to provide food and other emergency services for the 20,000 people that travel by motorcycle on these highways each day during the festival travel rush.The Spring Festival, or "Chunjie" in Chinese, is a time for family reunions. It is the country's most important festival.