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WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Older people with low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers may be more likely to have lower brain volumes and have problems with their thinking skills, according to researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.The results of the study will be published Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Foods that come from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.The study involved 121 older residents of the south side of Chicago over the age of 65. They had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.An average of four-and-a-half years later, MRI scans of the participants' brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.Having high levels of four of five markers for vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume."Our findings definitely deserve further examination," said Christine Tangney, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center and lead author of the study. "It's too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes."On the cognitive tests, the scores ranged from -2.18 to 1.42, with an average of 0.23. For each increase of one micromole per liter of homocysteine -- one of the markers of B12 deficiency -- the cognitive scores decreased by 0.03 standardized units or points.Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. "Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment," said Tangney.

BEIJING, Sept. 11 (Xinhua) -- Despite a series of disasters, Chinese people tend to believe that the moon is still round and bright in the Mid-autumn Festival.Falling on Monday, the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar, it is an important Chinese holiday, next only to the Spring Festival, and a chance for family reunion under the full moon, a symbol for happiness and prosperity.A staff worker shows newly-cooked moon cakes during a Mid-autumn festival celebration activity held in Tianjin, north China, Sept. 11, 2011. Some 100 children from Tianjin and southeast China's Taiwan attended the activity on Sunday.FAMILY REUNIONIn the railway station of Nanjing, capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province, passengers lined in long queues while waiting for their trains on Saturday.Although the three-day holiday seemed too short for a long trip, Xiao Liang carried several bags with him. "I bought wine for my dad, boiled salted duck for my mom, and health products for my grand parents," the young man beamed.In the southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Li Yukun didn't believe that she could reunite with her son for holiday. In fact, she never thought she could see the three-year-old boy again.Two years ago, Xiao Wei (pseudonym) from the Dalun village of the Beiliu city was kidnapped. His parents were desperate. "On special occasions like the Mid-autumn Festival, we shed tears while missing him," Li said.Police finally managed to get clues that a similar boy was adopted in the neighboring Guangdong Province.Li prepared for a feast with policemen to celebrate reunion with Xiao Wei.Since a campaign was launched to rescue trafficked children in Guangxi in 2009, 339 children were saved, half of whom had been sent back and could reunite with their parents in this festival.In Sichuan, 10 prisoners with good records in jail were given an opportunity to go back home for the holiday."In the past I could only receive greetings from my relatives behind the bars," a woman surnamed Chen said. "This year, my dream for home finally came true."Meanwhile, 171 prisoners had their jail terms shortened so that they could be released before the Mid-autumn Festival.

CANBERRA, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Australian beef is not to blame for a recent outbreak of E.coli in Japan, Meat and Livestock Australia confirmed on Monday.Twenty people have fallen ill in Japan's Toyama prefecture, with 15 of them infected with the O157 strain of E.coli after eating at a popular Korean-style barbecue restaurant chain, Gyukaka, on May 6.The operators of the restaurant chain, REINS International, said they suspected the bacterium might have been carried by beef imported from Australia.After conducting an investigation into the Japanese outbreak, regional manager for Meat and Livestock Australia, Melanie Brock, said testing shows Australian beef was not the source of the outbreak."The Toyama prefecture health authorities have confirmed following a thorough inspection that imported Australian beef was not the source of an incident of E.coli," Brock said in a statement on Monday."The authorities continue to investigate other food consumed by the affected customers."Brock said Australian beef has long been recognized by the Japanese trade and consumers for its strong safety record.Brock added that Australian beef for export to Japan is processed under the veterinary supervision of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, and is recognized internationally as bearing a high hygienic standard.