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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

BEIJING, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan told a U.S. business delegation Tuesday that China would create a sound environment for business cooperation between the two countries.Praising the contribution of U.S. businesses to the sound development of China-U.S. relations, Wang said more exchanges between business people from the two countries would help promote bilateral trade cooperation.Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan (C front) poses for a group photo with members of a visiting U.S. business delegation headed by John Mack, chairman of Morgan Stanley, in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 15, 2011. Executive chairman of Morgan Stanley and chief delegate John Mack said the U.S. business community would increase exchanges and cooperation with Chinese counterparts and play a positive role in the sound development of bilateral relations.The delegation, composed of the heads of many major U.S. companies, including General Motors, is visiting China from Feb. 13 to 16 for unofficial exchanges with Chinese businesses, including China National Offshore Oil Corporation and CITIC Group, according to the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.

WASHINGTON, May 3 (Xinhua) -- People diagnosed with asthma in the United States grew by 4.3 million between 2001 and 2009, according to a new report released Tuesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).In 2009, nearly one in 12 Americans were diagnosed with asthma. In addition to increased diagnoses, asthma costs grew from about 53 billion U.S. dollars in 2002 to about 56 billion dollars in 2007, about a six percent increase. The explanation for the growth in asthma rates is unknown, according to the CDC.Asthma is a lifelong disease that causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, though people with asthma can control symptoms and prevent asthma attacks by avoiding things that can set off an asthma attacks, and correctly using prescribed medicine, like inhaled corticosteroids. The report highlights the benefits of essential asthma education and services that reduce the impact of these triggers, but most often these benefits are not covered by health insurers."Despite the fact that outdoor air quality has improved, we've reduced two common asthma triggers -- secondhand smoke and smoking in general -- asthma is increasing," said Paul Garbe, chief of CDC 's Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch. "While we don't know the cause of the increase, our top priority is getting people to manage their symptoms better."Asthma triggers are usually environmental and can be found at school, work, home, outdoors, and elsewhere and can include tobacco smoke, mold, outdoor air pollution, and infections linked to influenza, cold-like symptoms, and other viruses.According to the report, asthma diagnoses increased among all demographic groups between 2001 and 2009, though a higher percentage of children reported having asthma than adults (9.6 percent compared to 7.7 percent in 2009). Annual asthma costs in the United States were 3,300 dollars per person with asthma from 2002 to 2007 in medical expenses. About two in five uninsured and one in nine insured people with asthma could not afford their prescription medication."Asthma is a serious, lifelong disease that unfortunately kills thousands of people each year and adds billions to our nation's health care costs," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden. "We have to do a better job educating people about managing their symptoms and how to correctly use medicines to control asthma so they can live longer more productive lives while saving health care costs."

BEIJING, May 19 (Xinhuanet) -- Google on Wednesday began fixing a security hole in some 97 percent of Android phones that could let hackers snatch important credentials at public WiFi hotspots.The fix, which addresses a hole allowing hackers to access the contacts, calendars and photos on an Android phone connected to an open WiFi network, will take a few days to cover every phone, a Google spokesman said.Unlike a traditional software update, the problem exists on Google's servers, so Android users won't need to manually take action.The newest versions of Android, including the new wave of tablets running its Honeycomb software, are not affected by the bug, according to the researchers at Germany's University of Ulm who initially reported the issue.The vulnerability could also cause devices synchronizing with Google Picasa web albums to transmit sensitive data through unencrypted channels, the researchers added.The Google spokesman said the company's security team is still investigating those claims.

LOS ANGELES, March 23 (Xinhua) -- People who are more physically active are less likely to have high blood pressure associated with a high-sodium diet, a new study suggests.The study was conducted by researchers at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans, HealthDay News reported on Wednesday.Study findings were presented at the on-going American Heart Association's meeting on nutrition, physical activity and cardiovascular disease, held in Atlanta, said the report.To explore a potential association between exercise and the hypertensive role of dietary salt, the researchers focused on roughly 1,900 men and women (average age 38) living in a rural region in northern China. None took blood pressure medication during the study, according to the report.For one week all of the participants consumed 3,000 mg of sodium a day in their diet; for another week, they were placed on a high-sodium diet -- 18,000 mg per day.Nine blood pressure readings were taken each week, and questionnaires were completed to assess routine levels of physical activity, ranging from "very active" to "quite sedentary."When switching from the lower-sodium to a high-sodium diet, those who experienced a 5 percent or greater boost in their systolic blood pressure (the heart contraction measure represented by the top figure of a blood pressure reading) were deemed "high salt-sensitive."Those reporting the most physical activity had a 38 percent lower risk of being highly salt-sensitive than the least active group. This group was the least likely to see a 5 percent or greater rise in their blood pressure in response to a high-salt diet.Compared with the most sedentary group, those in the next-to- highest activity group had a 17 percent lower risk of salt- sensitivity, and those in the next-to-lowest activity group had a 10 percent lower risk.The team concluded that engaging in physical activity has a " significant," independent and progressively healthful impact on the degree to which salt sensitivity relates to blood pressure."For those with low physical activity, their blood pressure will increase more if they increase their sodium intake," study co- author Dr. Jiang He, chair of the department of epidemiology at the school, said in remarks published by HeathDay News."It's a little bit of a surprise," He added. "But this is the first study to look at this particular association between physical activity and salt sensitivity and blood pressure. But after thinking it over it makes sense, because we already know that physical activity will reduce blood pressure."High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a leading cause of stroke. Because of salt's association with high blood pressure, the American Heart Association recommends consuming less than 1, 500 mg of sodium per day.

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