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BEIJING, March 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese leaders have urged police chiefs across the country to step up their efforts in capability building to do good work in solving social conflicts and safeguarding stability.In his written instruction to a training session for city-level public security bureau heads, Zhou Yongkang, Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, told the police chiefs to strengthen their studies and exchanges, and continuously enhance their management capabilities to push forward the solving of social conflicts.Zhou also called for a harmonious relationship between the police and the people.State Councilor Meng Jianzhu, who is also minister of public security, said at the opening ceremony of the training course on Saturday that public security authorities should explore new measures to enhance their capability in safeguarding national security and social stability.About 470 police bureau chiefs attended the training session which will last for 10 days.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, March 19 (Xinhua) -- Severe drought has affected 51 million Chinese and left more than 16 million people and 11 million livestock with drinking water shortages, China's State Commission of Disaster Relief said Friday.About 4.348 million hectares of farmland were affected and 940,200hectares would yield no harvest, the commission said in a statement.Since autumn last year, southwest China, including Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chongqing Municipality, has received only half its annual average rainfall and water stores are depleted. Photo taken on March 17, 2010 shows the thirsty fields of a terrace in Donglan County, southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The drought in Donglan County, one of the drought-stricken areas in Guangxi, had affected 82,300 Mu (5486 hectares) of farmland by March 17 and 81,600 people were denied easy access to drinking water. The local government and people were mobilized to fight against the drought here.The commission said the ministries of finance, agriculture, civil affairs and water resources had appropriated more than 370 million yuan (54.4 million U.S. dollars) to the provinces, autonomous region and municipality to combat the drought.The funds are generally to be used to purchase drinking water, equipments and supplies for urgent water construction projects.More than 4,000 troops of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi and Chongqing have been mobilized to help rural residents with water supplies.The PAPF detachment in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, has supplied more than 17 tonnes of its water reserve to 176 households in the province. In Sichuan, PAPF troops used their machinery to help pump underground water.In Guangxi, the PAPF troops transported water in trucks to 13 remote villages which were home to more than 7,000 farmers and 6,000 livestock.Weather forecasts show no obvious indications of rain in the drought region in the next 10 days.

ADDIS ABABA, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- China will lose no time in implementing the "eight new measures" to strengthen China-Africa cooperation in the next three years, said China's Minister of Commerce Chen Deming on Tuesday. The fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on Nov. 8-9. At the meeting, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao announced eight new measures the Chinese government will take to strengthen China-Africa cooperation in the next three years.     The success of the Sharm el-Sheikh meeting has opened a new page for China-Africa cooperation, Chen said during his talks with Erastus Mwencha, deputy chairperson of the Commission of the African Union (AU).     China will focus on improving African people's well-being, strengthening Africa's agriculture and infrastructure and expanding cooperation in human resources development, he said.     China will support Africa to increase its capacity for independent development, and join hands with Africa in tackling such challenges as the global financial crisis and climate change, in a bid to promote China-Africa friendly cooperation and Africa's economic and social development, said the Chinese minister.     Chen appreciated the AU's efforts to further Africa's integration process and develop China-Africa cooperation, saying China will continue to strengthen all-round cooperation with the AU, and support the AU to play a bigger role in regional and international affairs.     For his part, Mwencha said Africa and China respect each other and treat each other on an equal footing, adding that bilateral ties have stood the test of the time.     He believed the Sharm el-Sheikh meeting will further promote the development of cooperation between Africa and China.     China's eight new measures to enhance cooperation with Africa are consistent to Africa's practical needs, said the AU official.     Mwencha said the AU Commission is willing to play a bigger role in implementing the eight new measures and enhance dialogue between Africa and China.     Chen arrived here on Monday for a working visit, which will also take him to Mozambique and Tanzania.

BEIJING, March 6 (Xinhua) -- China will further improve the formation mechanism of exchange rate of the renminbi, or the country's currency yuan, to keep the exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and balanced level, the People's Bank of China said Saturday.The central bank made the statement in a report delivered to media during a press conference on the sideline of the annual parliament session.  Zhang Ping, Chairman of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Xie Xuren, the Minister of Finance, Chen Deming, the Minister of Commerce, and Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the People's Bank of China, attend a news conference of the Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) on the enhancement and improvement of macro-economic control held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, March 6, 2010.