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BEIJING, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists are developing new methods like spraying or dropping hepatitis vaccines into people's noses to replace traditional injections, according to a leading expert on immunology.Such researches were sponsored by a key national science project, according to Wen Yumei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, also the chairwoman of the 14th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, which is scheduled to be held in Shanghai next July.At a press conference held here Friday for the symposium, experts believed that broad-coverage inoculations is an effective way in facilitating the country's goal in controlling Hepatitis B.China's Ministry of Health has also credited its national immunization program for having protected about 80 million people from being infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the 19 years after 1992.Recent report showed that about 93 million Chinese are HBV carriers, accounting for more than a quarter of the world's total.

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin's official goodwill visit to Greece, the Netherlands and Germany has deepened the friendship, promoted cooperation and enhanced understanding between China and the three nations, a Chinese official says.The visit was important in further deepening the friendship and mutual trust, promoting pragmatic cooperation and pushing forward the healthy development of relations between China and Europe, said Wang Shenghong, vice secretary general of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).Jia, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, had in-depth exchanges of views and reached broad consensus with government and parliament leaders of the three countries on issues related to bilateral ties and international and regional issues of common interest, said Wang, who accompanied Jia on the tour from Oct. 23 to Nov. 4.Jia Qinglin (R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, meets with Greek President Karolos Papoulias in Athens, Greece, on Oct. 24, 2011.During his visits, Jia also witnessed the signing of 15 inter-governmental agreements and commercial contracts, had extensive contact with people from different walks of life and visited some big-name companies.STRENGTHEN POLITICAL MUTUAL TRUST AND BUILD UP BILATERAL TIESDuring meetings and talks with leaders of the three countries, Jia expressed China's readiness to maintain the high-level exchanges of visits, build up political mutual trust, advance pragmatic cooperation, promote people-to-people and cultural exchanges and strengthen coordination in international affairs, Wang said.Jia said China is ready to work with the three nations to further advance bilateral ties and China-European Union (EU) relations.Greece's government and parliament leaders thanked China for its precious support at a time when Greece is being badly hurt by the financial crisis. Dutch leaders expressed their willingness to strengthen dialogue and cooperation with China in their joint response to the Europe debt crisis and other challenges. And German leaders praised China's positive role in overcoming the effects of the international financial crisis and stabilizing the world economy, Wang said.

OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Supervised exercise was shown to be more effective than stenting or medication for improved walking ability in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), according to a U.S. study reported Wednesday at the 2011 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions meeting.The research group reported that of 111 patients studied in the randomized trial, the most effective treatment proved to be supervised exercise based on the results of a treadmill test taken at baseline and again at six months. Patients who were in the supervised exercise group improved by a mean of 4.6 minutes in the treadmill test, while the group who received stents improved by a mean of 2.5 minutes. However, researchers found that self-reported quality of life measurements proved to be higher in the group that received stents, even though their ability to walk did not improve as greatly as the group that received supervised exercise rehabilitation.The findings were published in the November issue of the journal Circulation. The researchers believe that more studies are necessary, although supervised exercise may be an effective treatment recommended for PAD patients with claudication.PAD is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries and affects blood flow, especially to the legs. It is estimated that between 10 and 12 million people suffer from PAD in the United States. One symptom of PAD is known as claudication, a painful cramping of the leg muscles that limits the patient's ability to walk. It affects nearly 2 million people who suffer from PAD, and results in a sedentary lifestyle and poor quality of life.Current U.S. guidelines for the treatment of claudication include pharmacotherapy, supervised exercise rehabilitation and lower extremity revascularization using stents.

CANBERRA, Oct. 4 (Xinhua) -- A visiting U.S. obesity expert, Kelly Brownell, on Tuesday called on Australia to make a start on taxing high-sugar soft drinks.As director of U.S. Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Professor Brownell is in Canberra of Australia to attend the 46th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference.He said soft drinks were a good place to start in the taxing of high-sugar foods because they were the single greatest source of added sugar in the average person's diet, had absolutely no nutritional value, were marketed aggressively and were linked with the risk for obesity and diabetes.While obesity has overtaken smoking as the leading cause of premature death and illness in Australia, he said the government should tax soft drinks in the same way it taxes cigarettes, because research showed that taxes had been the strongest influence on falling rates of consumption."We have seen how effective tobacco taxes have been in reducing rates of smoking, so there is no reason to believe such taxes wouldn't be as effective in reducing the consumption of high sugar and fat foods," Brownell, who was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world, told the conference in Canberra on Tuesday. "A soft-drink tax is a good place to start. "Earlier this week, Denmark became the first country to impose a tax on food containing saturated fats, and Brownell said he completely supports Denmark's policy and that governments should act courageously to do whatever is effective in encouraging better eating habits.According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report, Australia is ranked as one of the fattest nations in the developed world. The prevalence of obesity in Australia has more than doubled in the past 20 years, with more than 17 million Australians are overweight or obese.

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