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SANTO DOMINGO, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- The number of deaths caused by cholera in the Dominican Republic have increased to 109, and there are 15,876 suspect cases, according to government figures released on Friday.Public Health Ministry said in a statement that the intensity of the outbreak has been decreasing since six weeks ago, but the region of Gran Santo Domingo, which includes the Dominican capital city, still faces a serious epidemic situation.The government is developing preventive measures which include informing the population, careful observation of diarrhea cases, providing drinkable water and building new public toilets as part of efforts to contain the outbreak, it added.The latest Cholera outbreak appeared in the Dominican Republic last November, a month after cases were reported in Haiti.The Ministry said they stepped up efforts to monitor the situation after tropical storm "Emily" passed through parts of the country two weeks ago.After the beginning of the rain season, cholera cases have increased generally and all the public hospitals in the country are provided with supplies and medical staff to care for the people with symptoms of cholera or other tropical diseases.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- Exposure to secondhand smoke ( SHS) is associated with increased risk of hearing loss among adolescents, according to a report in the July issue of Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery.Among U.S. children, approximately 60 percent are exposed to SHS, according to background information in the article. Studies have associated exposure to secondhand smoke prenatally or during childhood with various health conditions, from low birth weight and respiratory infections to behavioral problems and otitis media. Children exposed to SHS are more likely to develop recurrent otitis media, the authors note. "Secondhand smoke may also have the potential to have an impact on auditory development, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)," they add.Anil Lalwani and colleagues from New York University Langone Medical Center examined the risk factors for SNHL, including SHS, among adolescents, stratified by demographic groups. They included 1,533 individuals from 12 years to 19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006.Participants were interviewed about their health status and family medical history, exposure to SHS, and self-recognition of hearing impairment. In addition, they underwent a physical examination, including blood testing for cotinine (a by-product of nicotine exposure), and hearing tests.Compared with teens who had no SHS exposure, those who were exposed to secondhand smoke exhibited higher rates of low- and high-frequency hearing loss. The rate of hearing loss appeared to be cumulative, increasing with the level of cotinine detected by blood tests. The results also demonstrated that more than 80 percent of participants with hearing loss did not realize they had impairment.As hearing loss early in life can cause problems with development and functioning, the authors suggest that these results have "significant implications for public health in the United States."They note that most adolescents do not receive screening for hearing loss in the absence of risk factors.If further studies replicate these results, they state, SHS could be considered one such risk factor.

GENEVA, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Two million people worldwide are estimated to die from air pollution each year, the Geneva based World Health Organization (WHO) said in its air quality report published on Monday.According to data collected by the WHO from nearly 1,100 cities across 91 countries, elevated level of fine particle pollution, which could cause heart diseases, lung cancer, asthma and acute lower reparatory infections, are common across many urban areas, with some cities registering fine particle pollution levels 15 times as much as the WHO guidelines.For both developed and developing countries, the biggest contributors to urban outdoor air pollution include motor transport, small-scale manufacturers and other industries, burning of biomass and coal for cooking and heating, as well as coal-fired power plants.Residential wood and coal burning for space heating is said to be an important contributor to air pollution, especially in rural areas during colder months, the WHO report said.

SYDNEY, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- Scientists in Australia have discovered a way of stopping mosquitoes carrying dengue virus, raising hopes for preventing the 50 million human cases of the disease every year, local media reported on Thursday.Groundbreaking experiments in Queensland have found a common insect bacteria, wMel Wolbachia, which can dramatically reduce the presence of dengue fever in mosquitoes.The research, led by Professor Scott O'Neill, Dean at Melbourne's Monash University, was published on Thursday in the prestigious journal, Nature.Australian researchers working on the Eliminate Dengue program aim to protect the mosquitoes themselves from dengue and so stop them transmitting the virus to humans."What the experiments have shown is that this strain of Wolbachia when it is put into mosquitoes really reduces the ability of the (dengue) virus to grow in the mosquito and if it can't grow, then it can't get transmitted in people," O'Neill told reporters.O'Neill said while it was too early to say if the experiments heralded the end of dengue fever, it was a major step towards that goal.In the past decade, there have been 2400 cases of dengue fever reported during 36 outbreaks in Australia.Dengue fever has become endemic in tropical regions, where it is spread by a specific type of mosquito that becomes infected after biting humans with the disease.Despite millions of people being infected with dengue each year, there is currently no way of stopping its rapid spread either by vaccines or controlling mosquito populations.Further trials will be conducted in Cairns in north Queensland over the coming wet season and approval is currently being sought for trials in Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Indonesia that will directly determine the effectiveness of the method in reducing dengue disease in human populations, according to Monash University.

BEIJING, Aug. 1 (Xinhua) -- The after-tax CIF (cost, insurance and freight) price of China's jet fuel imports has been set at 7,768 yuan (1,206 U.S. dollars) per metric ton for August, China's economic planner said on Monday.The price adjustment marked the first time for the economic planner to adjust jet fuel prices on a monthly basis after it announced jet fuel pricing reforms in July, according to a notice posted on the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)'s website.The NDRC announced on July 7 that it would introduce a market-oriented jet fuel pricing mechanism starting from Aug. 1.Under the new mechanism, the ex-plant price of jet fuel is required to be no higher than the after-tax CIF price of jet fuel imports from Singapore, Asia's largest oil trading and storage center.Taking transportation expenses, trade volumes and international crude oil prices into account, the jet fuel premium is negotiable between jet fuel sellers and buyers and will be reviewed once a year, while jet fuel ex-plant prices will be adjusted on the first day of every month, according to the NDRC.