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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

HOUSTON, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- NASA Johnson Space Center on Tuesday formed a partnership with Texas's largest tech incubator and accelerator, the Houston Technology Center (HTC), to help reach its goals of increasing private and public collaboration.The strategic partnership is aimed at expanding HTC's mission of accelerating the growth of emerging technology companies in the Houston region to support NASA's goals of increasing private and public cooperation, the parties said in news release."We are excited to partner with NASA Johnson Space Center in an effort to foster entrepreneurial opportunities to the transitioning workforce in the Bay Area," said Walter Ulrich, CEO of Houston Technology Center."The combination of NASA's incredible technologies and HTC's powerful entrepreneurial resources presents the potential for immense economic development," he said.HTC is committed to growing a sustainable entrepreneurial network that will benefit the surrounding the space center for years to come including its future missions beyond low earth orbit. HTC will seed the future workforce through its close ties with the major universities and with science, technology, engineering, math programs and objectives, according to the news release.NASA and the Houston Technology Center began their partnership earlier this year when they originally formed plans to open an office to help former contractors near the Johnson Space Center.With the signing of the Space Act Agreement on Tuesday, the two sides move forward with retraining contractors and helping them get new jobs in the Houston area.An estimated 4,000 people are expected to lose their jobs when the space shuttle program is completed.

BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- Thirty-year-old Chen Liang acquired his iPhone 4S in a relatively straightforward way without visiting the gray market. He typed "Looking for an iPhone 4S through weibo" on the Chinese equivalent of Twitter at 9 am on Oct 17 and secured one by 2 pm that day.The software engineer was lucky. Thousands of Chinese Apple fans are desperate for the 4S regardless of the price and effort required after China was left out of Apple's list of first and second groups of countries where it launched its latest product."A friend's friend in Canada put me in contact with a supplier and I'm getting one for just 5,500 yuan (9). Unauthorized Apple retailers are setting their floor price at 8,000 yuan," said Chen, from Jiangsu province.A proud Apple customer shows off the new iPhone 4S he purchased at an Apple store in Munich, Germany."I need to have one because I see the potential of its cloud computing service and artificial intelligence application. That's currently a wide open area in China. Simply speaking, other smartphones allow you to access search engines while the 4S's cloud search using Siri - a voice recognition and talking assistant - helps to filter irrelevant results and makes suggestions for you. My work-related curiosity drove me to get one because it is the future for phones."Jin Jianhan, who works at a Shanghai-based IT company, says he will do whatever it takes to get a 4S because "it's very important to get an Apple product when it's first launched".Jin plans to contact his friends in the United States to see whether they can send him one and to keep an eye on the Hong Kong market in case the special administrative region gets the green light to sell the devices in the third round of agreements."I'd try both ways and go for the overseas one first even it won't cover my domestic Apple guarantee," said Jin. "I will take the Hong Kong 4S when it's available to replace the American one."In its first round of agreements, Apple launched the iPhone 4S in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. Apple said on Oct 17, the third day after its release, that more than four million iPhone 4S devices had been sold. That figure is more than double the 1.7 million units of the iPhone 4 that Apple sold during its first three days on the market in June last year.The second group of countries to be licensed were mostly other European states. They will get the product by the end of October. Apple China refused to give a date for when it will be sold on the mainland.Meanwhile, Apple fans all over the world are paying their respects to Apple guru Steve Jobs by snapping up the iPhone 4S in record numbers. Wang Bo, who works as an industrial designer in Sydney, Australia, reserved his at a local store."It's the last Apple product that he (Steve Jobs) ever worked with," said Wang. "I'm buying it as a souvenir."In Huaqiangbei, an area in Shenzhen known for its many consumer electronics shops, unauthorized Apple dealer Zhou Bin has been happy to work overtime since the night of Oct 15, the first day that he received supplies of the iPhone 4S.

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- China on Friday urged the European Union (EU) to recognize its full-market economy status at an early date and properly settle trade disputes amid the tumbling world economy."China hopes Belgium will exert its influence to push for an early recognizing of China's full-market economy status and remind the EU to be cautious on and restrain from using trade remedy measures," Vice Premier Wang Qishan told visiting Crown Prince Philippe of Belgium.Wang urged the 27-member bloc, also China's largest trade partner, to properly settle trade disputes with China during the talks at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in downtown Beijing.Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan (R) shakes hands with Belgian Crown Prince Philippe in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 21, 2011."China has contributed a lot to the world economy by recording a 9.4 percent growth in the first three quarters of this year while adjusting its economic structure and managing inflation expectations," Wang said.Prince Philippe, accompanied by a 450-member business delegation, is here to tap the Chinese market and seek investments from China, the world's top holder of foreign exchange reserves.During the 10-day trip, the delegation will visit the Chinese cities of Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Chongqing and is expected to sign about 40 contracts.Wang said China will expand two-way investment with Belgium, and enhance support to the two states' small and medium-sized enterprises via the China-Belgium direct equity investment fund.China-Belgium trade has continued to surge since the two states forged diplomatic ties in 1971, when the bilateral trade volume was only 20 million U.S. dollars, much less than the 22.1 billion U.S. dollar record in 2010."We could expand cooperation in two-way investment, trade, finance, chemical industry, environmental protection, logistics, and green economy," Wang said.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said Wednesday that China will continue its prudent monetary policy next year while making the policy more targeted, flexible and forward-looking.The announcement came after the conclusion of the annual central economic work conference Wednesday morning, which has set economic policy guidelines for the coming year.The central bank will maintain control over the intensity, pace and focus of macroeconomic regulation, make full use of monetary tools, tune up credit supply and promote reasonable growth in social financing, according to a statement posted on its website.The bank will improve credit structure, increase support to key sectors and weak areas, especially to agriculture, small and medium-sized enterprises and affordable housing construction, as well as better serve the real economy.It will continue to perfect its yuan exchange rate formation mechanism, and keep the yuan exchange rates basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level.Meanwhile, the bank will strengthen and improve its foreign exchange management, deepen financial system reforms, prevent and solve financial risks, the statement said.

来源：资阳报