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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco are working on a spray designed to block the novel coronavirus from hijacking cells in the body, like a biological mask or internal personal protective equipment.They’re doing it by borrowing a defense mechanism from an unlikely source: llamas.The team, led by UCSF graduate student Michael Schoof, engineered a synthetic molecule based on one found in a llama’s immune system that acts like an antibody but is one-tenth the size.Human antibody treatments, known as convalescent plasma, require a transfusion in a hospital setting. But this smaller molecule, called a nanobody, can be easily self-administered via an inhaler or nasal spray and rapidly manufactured using yeast, Schoof said.The scientists named their product AeroNabs. They say it could be an inexpensive intervention for treating and preventing COVID-19 while the world waits for a vaccine.“We don't know how effective vaccines will be. We don't know how long it will take to rapidly deploy them, so we envision this product as hopefully a bridge until there is widespread, effective vaccination,” Schoof said.Once a vaccine is available, AeroNabs could offer protection for individuals who are unable to be inoculated for health reasons, he said, or an early treatment option.The team is in talks with commercial partners and hopes to begin clinical trials soon.In the 1980s, Belgian scientists discovered that about half of the antibodies in camels, llamas and alpacas are shaped differently than the antibodies found in other mammals, including humans. Researchers later learned they could use a fragment of these oddly shaped camelid antibodies to bind to antigens.Those fragments are called nanobodies.Currently, there is only one FDA-approved drug that uses nanobodies. Caplacizumab was approved last year to treat a rare blood disorder.The team at UCSF sifted through billions of nanobodies to find one that binded best to the spike proteins on the coronavirus, then engineered it to stick even better.The coronavirus uses its spikes to enter cells and replicate; the spikes are essentially the pathogen’s key into the body. By coating the spikes with nanobodies or antibodies, the viral key no longer fits into the body’s receptors and the virus can’t get in.“This works in the lab. It needs to be translated into the clinic,” said Schoof.The team at UCSF still needs to figure out the best delivery method, whether it is a nebulizer, an inhaler or a nasal spray. 2524

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — San Diego County reported 284 new coronavirus cases on Thursday, 69 of those cases connected to San Diego State University.Thursday's reported cases bring the region's total to 41,608 cases.Since the fall semester started on Aug. 24, San Diego State has reported 509 confirmed COVID-19 cases and four probable cases. The school said on Wednesday that at least one student has been hospitalized from the virus.RELATED: San Diego State University: 444 confirmed or probable coronavirus cases among studentsSan Diego State moves all classes online for 4 weeks as student cases riseSDSU students told to stay at home over Labor Day Weekend as coronavirus cases increaseSDSU says that about 75% of these cases are among students living off-campus in San Diego. No faculty or staff have reportedly tested positive since fall classes started.The college is still under a stay-at-home order for on-campus students and COVID-19 advisory for off-campus students until Sept. 14. SDSU has also banned fraternity events and instituted several policies to slow the spread of the virus, including hiring security to patrol the campus after hours, document violations, and report to staff who handle disciplinary action. Greeters, or wellness ambassadors, are also on campus to remind students of COVID-19 policies.Violation of the policies can result in suspension or in extreme cases, expulsion.Thursday, the California State University system, which includes SDSU, announced that course would continue to be held mostly online in Spring 2021, with certain limited instances for in-person classes."We have learned from experience that announcing this decision now will allow faculty and staff to continue or start professional development to be even more effective in the virtual space. We also know that deciding now will allow our students and their families time to plan appropriately. This decision is the only responsible one available to us at this time," says CSU Chancellor Timothy White. Students are advised to call 2-1-1 or their medical providers and stay home if they feel ill. They can also contact Student Health Services at 619-594-4325 (Monday through Friday) or the Nurse Call Line at 858-225-3105 (after hours and during weekends and holidays). Testing is available by appointment only and can be scheduled online here. 2351

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer and seven other California mayors are calling for the state to loosen restrictions on reopening large theme parks.The letter to Gov. Gavin Newsom requests that the state allow large theme parks to reopen with reduced capacity under the state's third reopening tier (orange/moderate) rather than the fourth (yellow/minimal).The letter stated that, "guidelines put forth by your Administration were released within the framework of prioritizing public health and safety for guests and employees. This is the right focus. However, economic and public health are not mutually exclusive goals.""We are concerned that the state's guidelines would push re-opening of large theme parks up to a year out, which would have significant negative impacts on hundreds of thousands of jobs, thousands of small businesses, and billions in operating revenue for our cities," the letter dated Oct. 30 stated.The letter pointed out San Diego, Los Angeles, and Anaheim as the most impacted cities.The letter is signed by Faulconer, Anaheim Mayor Harry Sidhu, Los Angeles Mayor Kevin Garcetti, San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, Fresno Mayor Lee Brand, Bakersfield Mayor Karen Goh, Riverside Mayor Rusty Bailey, and Santa Ana Mayor Miguel Pulido. The mayors' cities are either in the red or purple tier of the state's reopening plan.California's theme park guidance allows smaller theme parks to resume operations in the state's third reopening tier (moderate/orange) with a limited capacity of 25% or 500 visitors, whichever is fewer; only outdoor attractions; and ticket sales limited to visitors in the same county.All theme parks may resume operations in the state's fifth tier (yellow/minimal) with a limited capacity of 25%. Any open theme parks must implement a reservations system, screen guests for COVID-19 symptoms, and require face coverings throughout the park unless eating or drinking. 1932

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – San Diego County leaders and members of the San Diego Foundation on Thursday announced the start of a new initiative that invests in community-led efforts looking to increase racial equity and generational wealth for Black San Diegans.The Black Community Investment Fund already has more than million attached to it -- funding community leaders are looking to share with organizations within the Black community.Mark Stuart, president and CEO of the San Diego Foundation, said, “Decades and decades the Black community has been held back in San Diego and not of their own doing, it’s by others.”To be considered for a grant, a nonprofit organization must meet one of four pillars.The first being education, as they are looking for projects that address systemic educational challenges in schools. Some of this funding will be used for scholarship opportunities.The second pillar is employment. Grants will be given to projects that support workforce training programs and help pay for paid internships. They want to help drive diversity in different career fields.The third pillar is entrepreneurship, as they’re looking for organizations that will help mentor and financially support new businesses.The last pillar is housing, with the hopes that money will go to organizations that will help members of the Black community buy homes.“Redlining in San Diego happened in 1936. It was outlawed decades later, but families are still feeling those effects of where they live and where they can apply for mortgages and put down their roots. All of those we hope to fix through the Black Community Investment funding,” Stuart said.For any nonprofit groups interested in applying or for information on how to donate to the fund, visit SDFoundation.org. 1776

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- San Diego police are investigating how a teenager ended up unconscious near a Walgreens store in Chollas View after her mother reported the girl had been kidnapped.The 13-year-old girl's mother called police shortly after 4 p.m. Monday and said her daughter was supposed to be at a friend’s house, but she later learned her daughter somehow ended up with a man she didn’t know.It is unclear how the woman determined her daughter was with the man.About 20 minutes later, police found the teen unconscious but breathing in the 600 block of Euclid Avenue. She was taken to the hospital, but her condition is unknown.Police said they are looking for the man that was believed with the teen. He is described as Hispanic, in his early 20s, with long hair. He was wearing reading glasses, a white T-shirt and possibly a black baseball cap. 860