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发布时间: 2025-06-02 10:58:59北京青年报社官方账号
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NEW YORK — There are 50.7 million children in school in the United States, and the majority of them are non-white, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Still, because of a centuries-long history of white dominance in American culture, as well as the outsize influence of certain states over American education overall, the takeaway for many students is overly simple, and dangerously racist, according to some prominent historians.In fact, "The Story of the White Man," is not only a longstanding narrative in U.S. history texts, but they're also the first six words of a widely-used history textbook from the 1930s, according to Harvard University historian Donald Yacovone.Yacovone came across it as part of his research for his upcoming book, "Teaching White Supremacy: The Textbook Battle Over Race in American History." The professor at Harvard's Hutchins Center for African & African American Study and Research ended up reading some 3,000 textbooks from the 1830s to the 1980s as part of his research.He said that at least one thing was evident throughout his readings."If you leave people out of a narrative, they suddenly become invisible," Yacovone said.People of African descent, Yacovone said, have been largely left out of historical narratives for much of U.S. history.Even as recently as 2015, a high school textbook's omission of key details about African American history cast light on a shortcoming of history writing.A mother in Texas, Roni Burren, posted a video on Facebook of her reading a caption from a map in her son's 10th-grade textbook."Under this section, called 'Patterns of Immigration,'" Burren said while holding the book, "World Geography," to the camera, and reading from the text, "'The Atlantic slave trade from the 1500s to the 1800s brought millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations.' So it is now considered immigration," Burren said, clearly appalled.The video was viewed millions of times, and ultimately publisher McGraw Hill made a very public apology and revised the text.However, oversights like that, in a country where a majority of people only get a kindergarten through 12th-grade education, inform a strong message that most Americans receive about our country, according to Yacavone. "That whiteness is what matters," he said.One reason for that may be the process in which textbooks, and lesson plans connected to them, are created and distributed.Major publishers, such as McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all have highly-promoted policies of countering racism and promoting diversity.That still doesn't mean that there can't be shortcomings, as the "World Geography" case makes clear.It's also part of a larger challenge involving inclusiveness and accuracy in school textbooks, as Carisa Lopez, political director of the Texas Freedom Network, an advocacy organization for education and other issues in the Lone Star State, explained."Because Texas is such a large state," she said in an interview, "other, smaller states are forced to purchase textbooks that have to adhere to Texas standards."Texas and California have more K through 12 students than any other U.S. states. California's state textbook curricula standards tend to be more focused on California-specific history and subjects.Texas's standards, by contrast, tend to be more general. However, the state board of education, which approves or disapproves textbook content, is not made up exclusively of educators. Politicians, religious leaders, and others have served.As a result, said Lopez, "Too often what students learn is based on distortions, myths and just plain politics and personal biases."Another issue is instruction."They're still relegating history classes to gym teachers," Yacovone said.Some research bears that out. Analysis by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences found that of all school subjects, history has the highest rate of teachers who didn't major or get certified in it.Martha S. Jones, a historian at Johns Hopkins University, said that when it comes to issues like slavery, Jim Crow, and other topics involving African American history, "The number one question I get is, 'why didn't I learn this in school?'"Jones is among many scholars of African-American history who say that white supremacy is built into American education.A historical look here in New York supports their claim.Among the earliest American textbook writers was Noah Webster. The contemporary of the founding fathers published the new nation's first daily newspaper, from his office on Wall Street.Webster is certainly most famous for publishing Webster's Dictionary.Through it, and a spelling book that he published, Webster invented American English, differentiated from how British subjects speak and spell the language.As for his attitude toward people of African descent, Webster was clear, and his point of view influenced his textbooks as strongly as he influenced American culture."'For the woolly-haired Africans, who constitute the principal part of the inhabitants of Africa, there is no history,'" Webster said, as quoted by Yacovone."And that attitude," Yacovone continued, "was perpetuated in almost every single textbook, until the 1960s."One reason that it persisted, was a New Yorker named John Van Evrie, Yacovone said."I call him an evil genius of white supremacy," Yacovone said.From his office across the street from City Hall, Van Evrie published newspapers, pamphlets, books -- including a textbook -- all specifically arguing that Americans aren't black. Instead, Van Evrie wrote, America is white.It united the various European ethnic groups that comprised the majority of the American population in the 1800s, and in the process, it put African Americans in a position of non-citizenship in the eyes of many whites."His books were read in Congress," said Yacovone. "His books were read in state legislatures. It was impossible to escape him. Even Lincoln read Van Evrie."His work formed the foundation that American education and culture are built on, even though it's a false narrative."We must change our identity as Americans as white," Yacovone said. "We must change that to one of being multi-ethnic. It's much better."Martha S. Jones, the Johns Hopkins historian, supported that assessment."The example I'll offer," she said, "is that of our new Vice President-elect Kamala Harris.""We need to understand the history out of which she has emerged --- African American women's political history, the history of the discrimination against African American women in politics, and when it comes to voting rights," Jones said, "so that our students can be smart citizens in real-time."Classroom instruction is finally beginning to change, where a wider variety of Americans are now part of the history lesson.For example, the 1619 Project, the New York Times's detailed examination of how slavery has influenced American life, is now being taught in thousands of classrooms across the country.One organization using it as a classroom tool in the history of nonprofit Facing History and Ourselves.Its program director, Laura Tavares, laid out why non-textbook learning aids are vital to a full understanding of history and other classroom subjects."You can't teach what you don't know," Tavares said, "and 80% of teachers in the United States are white."One of the things that we understand about being white," she continued, "is that we are allowed to move through the world often with the lack of consciousness about race, with the lack of conversation about race, and racial identity."As for her organization, she said, "We create classroom resources. So that's lesson plans, unit guides, multimedia films, to teach in more equitable and inclusive and engaging ways."It's part of a new, evolving way to teach. Instead of using history textbooks, teachers are taking students -- and adults -- online, where getting the education narrative right is more important than ever, as Martha S. Jones pointed out."My students, this semester, have been editing and creating Wikipedia sites related to African American women," she told PIX11 News."We are making sure that folks who have questions about that when they come to a space like Wikipedia find not only good, accurate facts, but they find links to excellent secondary sources," Jones continued. "They might even find links to primary materials where they can read the history firsthand."Her students' Wikipedia entries include histories of such prominent African American figures as Frances Harper, Shirley Chisholm, Ida B. Wells, and Crystal Bird Fauset.Wikipedia has now formed a foundation that helps fund the writing of entries by scholars in an effort to ensure that Wikipedia is a teachable resource.Meanwhile, textbooks aren't going away. While there's no shortage of experts who say that racism in some of the latest textbooks persists, they also say that there's been an improvement over time."There still are problems, but they're much, much better," Yacovone said.Martha S. Jones pointed out that "there are very important, distinguished... African American scholars who now produce their own textbooks."Those books are starting to make a difference, by influencing how textbooks are written and produced generally, nationwide, like Tavares, from Facing History and Ourselves said."When there's demand from parents, perhaps, and communities, even textbooks can tell a more complete and inclusive story," she said.This story was first reported by James Ford at WPIX in New York, New York. 9611

  惠州工业吸尘器   

Nevada, Oregon and Washington have all agreed to join California in its plan to allow an independent group of health experts to review the safety and efficacy of any COVID-19 vaccines before they're approved for use in their states.Nevada Gov. Steve Sisolak, Oregon Gov. Kate Brown and Washington Gov. Jay Inslee — all of them Democrats — said Tuesday that they had agreed to join fellow Democrat, California Gov. Gavin Newsom, in subjecting any COVID-19 vaccines approved for emergency authorization use to further review by a panel of scientists and health experts.According to a press release from Sisolak's office, the group's goal is that the additional review would not cause a delay in the distribution of vaccines."When the time comes, Nevadans will be able to feel confident in the safety of the vaccine knowing that an independent review by experts across the West gave it their seal of approval," Sisolak said in a statement."The FDA has made public information about the data required for authorizing a vaccine. That, combined with two independent federal groups, and our own Western States review process, should give the public pretty high confidence on the safety and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine," Inslee said in a statement. "When a safe vaccine is available, Washington state is going to be ready to distribute it in a way that is equitable, efficient, and most importantly, safe."The announcement comes just over a week after Newsom said he was committed to further reviewing vaccines for safety after they have been approved by the FDA.That panel will now expand to include representatives from Washington, Oregon and Nevada.Most health experts believe several COVID-19 vaccines could be granted emergency approval by the end of the year. Should that timeline hold true, vaccines would be first distributed to essential workers and people in high-risk populations first and would then would be made available to the general public later in 2021.In contradiction with his top health experts, President Donald Trump has at points promised that a vaccine could be approved ahead of election day, raising fears that Trump administration officials may be rushing the process for political reasons.Nine drug companies have already signed a joint pledge, saying that they will not allow COVID-19 to be distributed if they're not proven to be safe.Polling from earlier this year indicates that about half of Americans would not take a COVID-19 vaccine should one be made available — well below the level health experts say the country needs to reach to control the virus. 2593

  惠州工业吸尘器   

NEBRASKA — Omaha Police Department detectives have located the Dodge County vehicle taken by an escaped inmate on Wednesday, but the suspect is still at large.About 7 p.m. Wednesday, authorities received a tip the dark grey 2012 Chevy Impala with government plate No. 42650 had been spotted in a Nebraska Furniture Mart parking lot. OPD said handcuffs were found in the car.An NFM spokesperson said the store had turned over security footage to authorities.Authorities are still looking for an inmate, Eric G. Scott, 37, who they may still be armed and dangerous. Scott, a registered sex offender, is described as a 5-foot-10-inch tall Native American weighing around 190 pounds.---NOTE: If you see Scott, call 911 immediately; do not attempt to make contact, authorities said.If you have other information about Eric Scott's whereabouts, please call the Dodge County Sheriff's Office at 402-727-2700, or contact the Nebraska State Patrol or local law enforcement.---Wednesday afternoon, Saunders County Sheriff Kevin Stukenholtz said Scott took control of a Dodge County Sheriff's vehicle Wednesday afternoon near Ithaca, southeast of Wahoo. At the time, authorities thought he might be heading towards an Indian reservation near Mission, S.D.Stukenholtz said authorities found a rifle and the deputy's cell phone near where he escaped, but at the time believed Scott had a 40-caliber handgun.Authorities had been transporting Scott to a hearing on charges of first-degree sexual assault of a child, Stukenholtz said.According to police records found online, five counts were filed against Scott on June 16: two enhanced counts of first-degree sexual assault of a child, one enhanced counts of third-degree sexual assault of a child, one count of incest, one count of child abuse. The alleged abuse happened between September 2013 and April 2016 with a victim who was 11 years old when the abuse started, records state. The victim said Scott twice had intercourse with her and had subjected her to other sex acts numerous times in the family home in Hooper, records state.Around 2:30 p.m. Wednesday, Scott forced a Dodge County deputy from the transport vehicle en route from Lincoln Diagnostic and Evaluation Center to Dodge County Jail, according to a Dodge County Sheriff's Department press release. The deputy was taken to Fremont Health Medical Center for treatment as a precautionary measure, the release states.Scott had been serving a two- to four-year sentence since April 11, 2016, for his fifth DUI offense, and was due to be released Oct. 21, according to the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services. On this third conviction, in Washington County, he was sentenced to 1.5 to three years, serving a sentence at the Nebraska State Penitentiary from September 2011 to February 2013.Nebraska State Patrol, U.S. Marshals, Omaha Police as well as Dodge, Saunders, and Douglas county sheriff's departments are involved in the search for Scott. 3018

  

NEW YORK — The Northeast is preparing for a major snowstorm at a key moment in the coronavirus pandemic.It's coming days into the beginning of a massive vaccination campaign and in the thick of a virus surge that has throngs of people seeking tests per day.The storm is poised to drop as much as 2 feet of snow in some places by Thursday.Snow, sleet and freezing rain is moving north and east across the mid Atlantic region late this morning. Here are the latest snowfall and ice accumulation forecasts for the storm. pic.twitter.com/D6oTJ9bzAq— NWS Eastern Region (@NWSEastern) December 16, 2020 The pandemic is adding new complexities to officials’ preparations, from deciding whether to close testing sites to figuring out how to handle plowing as outdoor dining platforms crowd New York City streets.Still, officials say they don't expect the winter blast to disrupt vaccine distribution.New York City is also preparing its mass transit and school systems for the oncoming snowstorm. The city’s public schools will remote learn Thursday instead of learning in-person. Transit agencies in the area are shifting schedules to accommodate those who must travel.As of Wednesday at 10:30 p.m. ET, the heaviest snow fell in Central Pennsylvania, with Dushore, Pennsylvania, reporting 18.5 inches of snow. The area was still being blanketed by snow. Locales around Philadelphia and New York City reported 4 to 6 inches of snow, while areas around Pittsburgh had over 6 inches. The storm is expected to taper off by noon Thursday, WPIX reports. 1547

  

NORFOLK, Va. - The first presidential debate of 2020 was all some voters needed to watch before heading to the polls.“[I] tuned into most of the debate last night, and that really solidified my decision to vote today,” said William Jimenez.But the thought of this year’s election is nerve-wracking for some voters.“Regardless of political persuasion and who you intend to vote for, people across the political spectrum are all experiencing that kind of stress,” said Gary Roftus, the director of Fairfield Psychological Associates.Jimenez says this election is important.“A lot is on the line. A lot is at stake,” he adds.Election stress - according to the American Psychological Association, it’s affecting more than 50% of Americans.Gabrielle Harrell felt the pressure at the polls Wednesday.“It’s been very stressful. As I was filling out the ballot, I was triple-checking to make sure I’m checking the right box,” Harrell said.Roftus says people are already stressed with the coronavirus.“We’ve never had an election where we are told is the most important election ever in the middle of a pandemic,” he adds.As we get closer to November 3, Roftus says politics comes up in his counseling sessions.“Inadvertently or directly because it's bothering them, people are bringing up the election all the time,” he adds.Roftus says the additional voting options are affecting stress levels.“Sometimes some people are uncertain as to where they should vote, whether they should vote by mail, is their ballot going to be accepted?"For people who want to get rid of some of that election stress, voting early is an option.Roftus says it gives some people some comfort and relief. Some voters agree.“I do feel better having done it,” Harrell adds.Experts say it’s also best to take a break from politics if you can, but most importantly, take care of yourself.“Try to get enough rest and eat properly,” said Roftus.This story was first reported by Nana-Séntuo Bonsu at WTKR Norfolk, Virginia. 1993

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