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Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464
This article provides information and education for investors. NerdWallet does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks or securities.If you’ve ever wondered how your retirement savings stacks up against your peers, you’re in good company. The desire to know where you land in the sea of retirement savers is natural, and it can help either kick-start more progress or give you a feeling of satisfaction. But no matter how the numbers make you feel, they may not be the best measure of whether you personally are on track for retirement.What is the average retirement savings?The 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances shows that the average retirement savings for all families is 5,130. The median retirement savings for all families is ,000.Taken on their own, those numbers aren’t incredibly helpful. There are a variety of decent retirement savings benchmarks out there, but how much money other people have isn’t one of them. Even breaking the numbers down by age won’t give you a great picture of where your own finances should be. After all, age is just one factor in how much you should save for retirement — and not everyone who is the same age will retire at the same time.But retirement savings balances do tend to increase with age, as they should — the closer you are to retirement, the more you should have stashed away. (If you’ve been struggling to fund retirement accounts, our guide on how to save money will help.)How much each age has saved for retirementA little fine print upfront: Because averages can be heavily skewed by outliers — in other words, the savings over- and underachievers in each group — we’ve also included median balances. The median can often provide a more representative number than the average, and you’ll notice that the median numbers are quite a bit lower than the averages. (All data is from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances, unless otherwise noted.)It’s also worth noting that both figures include only those who have retirement holdings — there are many people of all ages who do not. In 2019, only about half of families owned any kind of retirement account.Under 35Average household retirement savings: ,170Median household retirement savings: ,000Let’s start with millennials; they’re used to being under the microscope. In 2019, 45% of families headed by someone under age 35 had retirement accounts — meant here to include IRAs, Keoghs and certain employer-sponsored accounts such as 401(k)s, 403(b)s and thrift savings accounts.Of the families in this age group who have retirement holdings, the average value of those holdings is ,170, and the median value is ,000. In other words, 3,352 and 1,444 pieces of avocado toast, respectively.If you’re not sure how much you should save for retirement, it’s best to get an idea for it sooner rather than later — you don’t want to be heading into retirement without enough saved.Ages 35 to 44Average household retirement savings: 1,950Median household retirement savings: ,000This age range encompasses the oldest millennials and the youngest of Generation X. More than half (56%) of households headed by someone of this age have retirement accounts, according to the data.The average and median values of this group’s retirement holdings are significantly higher than those of the under-35 set. These are strong earning years alongside peak spending years. Particularly for those who have kids, dollars may be stretched around paying for child care, saving for college and saving for retirement. If you’re looking to increase those retirement savings, an IRA can be a great way to do it.Ages 45 to 54Average household retirement savings: 4,720Median household retirement savings: 0,000This group is still part of Generation X, with the oldest members about a decade from what’s considered the standard retirement age. About 58% of households headed by someone this age have retirement holdings, according to the SCF.These can be peak earning years, especially for men, who see earnings growth until age 55, according to compensation research firm PayScale. The company’s research shows women top out over a decade earlier, at 44.Ages 55 to 64Average household retirement savings: 8,420Median household retirement savings: 4,000These are baby boomers, and the oldest among them are knocking on retirement’s door — just a couple of short years from Social Security’s definition of full retirement age. About 54.5% of households headed by a baby boomer have retirement holdings.Ages 65 to 74Average household retirement savings: 6,070Median household retirement savings: 4,000The bulk of these households include someone who is in retirement, or at least of retirement age. As a result, many are at the stage when they are probably spending, rather than accumulating, savings. According to the SCF, 48% of this age group have retirement accounts.After this point, average and median retirement account values begin to fall, as does the percentage of people who have retirement accounts. For households headed by someone age 75 or older, the median value of retirement holdings is ,000, with an average holding of 7,920.What do these numbers tell you?The headline here: Most people aren’t saving enough for retirement and are entering retirement with very little stashed away.“If you use these numbers as your guiding star, you’ll likely be in the same state as most of the country: unprepared for retirement.”That’s just one reason why the average retirement savings for someone your age isn’t a benchmark. If you use these numbers as your guiding star, you’ll likely be in the same state as most of the country: unprepared for retirement.How much you should have saved, and how much you should be saving, have nothing to do with where others your age stand. It has everything to do with your income, planned retirement spending, expected retirement age and life expectancy.If you want to find out how much you personally will need to retire, aretirement calculator can help. And if that calculator tells you you’re behind? An IRA is a good place to start catching up.More From NerdWalletSure, Stocks Are Fun. But ETFs Are SmartThe Upsides to Thinking About When You Will Die4 Tax Triggers New Investors Need to Know AboutAlana Benson is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: abenson@nerdwallet.com. 6422

They say music is a universal language, something that can connect us on many different levels. So when it shows up where you least expect it, that makes it even more special.One woman's dream is translating across an entire community in more ways than she could have imagined.Listen closely and you can hear the sweet sound of jazz in one park. There's no band, and you can't see any speakers. But if you happen to stumble upon a small door tucked inside a tree trunk, you'll stumble upon your own personal performance."I was in awe to actually hear music coming out of a tree," says Bruce Bo-Wdry who lives near the park.He still remembers the moment he first heard music flowing from this sound totem, and seeing neighborhood kids share his excitement."They were all over it," Bo-Wdry recalls. "And then they go to the box and then they open up the door, and you can see the gleam on their little faces like awh you know!" Artist Nikki Pike came up with the idea. "I had a dream where there was a miniature opera singer singing in the hollow of the tree," Pike says. "And then I realized that maybe there was an opportunity." A sound totem in Denver, Colorado, was the first realization of that dream. From there she built more, putting the solar and battery powered music boxes in trees across her city, and filling them with music performed by people who live in those neighborhoods. "I sort of built the stage and they are the performers," Pike says. "So it's a real community effort." She doesn't share exactly where the totems are, instead she allows people's curiosity lead them to discovering music, art and community. An idea she believes can spread across the country."The leap in peoples mind to imagine them in their own community is easy," Pike says. "Whereas before when it was an idea and a drawing it was harder to imagine."While the totems add a special spark to the trees and communities they call home, Pike said these small spaces do so much more."I do think this is how you change the world," Pike says. "Just a little sliver of hope a little example of magic or positivity."A sweet surprise to brighten your day, and connect a community. 2194
TORREY PINES, Calif. (KGTV) - The Massachusetts Institute of Technology just named a minor planet after a San Diego teenager who recently completed research that could assist in future droughts. The Cambridge School freshman Emily Tianshi was also awarded ,000 from here work in the prestigious National Broadcam MASTERS Competition in Washington, D.C. “I was absolutely shocked,” said the 14-year-old.Tainshi began studying the needles on Torrey Pines as an eighth grader to see how the trees continue to withstand droughts. She said the needles are uniquely designed to pull moisture from the air and condense it into water for its own needs.Her research won science fairs in San Diego and California. It earned her an invitation to the weeklong Broadcom MASTERS where she competed with and against students from all over the nation.Tianshi walked away with the second largest prize in the country.She said she wants to continue her research and eventually “turn into an engineering project where I build a device replicating the Torrey Pine Needle.”The teenager said her ultimate goal is to become a Stanford-educated doctor. 1162
TODAY, President @realDonaldTrump is taking ACTION to preserve America's democratic principles and ensure law-abiding American citizens are fairly represented in Congress.https://t.co/fcRgFqQU87— Karoline Leavitt (@KLeavitt45) July 21, 2020 248
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