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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Department of Defense has awarded a San Diego biotech company up to million to help develop a next-generation drug to fight COVID-19.Sorrento Therapeutics calls the drug a “rapid countermeasure” against the disease, one that might serve as a vaccine substitute in certain populations or a critical stopgap tool if the virus mutates.“With this, we have a new platform potentially that can respond very quickly to any type of emerging threat,” said CEO Dr. Henry Ji.Sorrento is trying to become the first company to develop an approved DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody treatment. The approach is similar to the experimental monoclonal antibody treatment used on President Trump, but Sorrento’s concept is a more advanced version that offers several benefits.Sorrento’s drug is designed to be used as either a treatment in infected patients or a fast-forming layer of defense in healthy people. The company said its solution should be cheaper and easier to deploy than existing monoclonal antibodies, while offering vaccine-like protective effects that last for several months rather than just two or three weeks.Antibodies are one of the body’s key defense mechanisms. They seek out pathogens and bind to them, marking the invader for destruction like ground troops marking an enemy base for an airstrike. In some cases, antibodies can even neutralize an invader themselves by blocking its method of entry into cells.Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies designed by scientists to neutralize a pathogen. They are hand-picked, genetically modified super antibodies that are cloned in labs.However, the process of growing these super soldiers in the lab is difficult, transporting them requires a cold chain, and as a result, monoclonal antibodies are among the most expensive drugs in the world.Instead of giving people an infusion of pre-made antibodies, Sorrento’s idea is to give people a shot of DNA that instructs some of their cells to churn out perfectly pre-designed antibodies.“It's much easier to make enough DNA to treat a large number of people than it is to make enough protein to treat a large number of people. That’s just a fact about manufacturing,” said Dr. Robert Allen, Sorrento’s chief scientific officer on the project.Dr. Allen said the company is hopeful the drug will induce cells to make protective antibodies for six months or more.This DNA approach to an antibody treatment has never been approved for any disease but other companies are working on their own versions of it. Another biotech with ties to San Diego, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, became the first company to test this approach in humans in 2019 for a drug targeting the Zika virus.Sorrento’s approach is similar to the way DNA vaccines work, but it cuts out intermediary steps and jumpstarts the production of antibodies, rather than leaving the production of antibodies up to the body’s immune system. The result is that protective antibodies can start circulating in days after injection rather than weeks, the company said.“What this is capable of doing is it bypasses the need for the immune system,” said Dr. Mark Brunswick, Sorrento’s senior vice president for regulatory affairs.The drug is unlikely to replace a vaccine in most situations because vaccines can produce other defense mechanisms like T-cells that work in conjunction with antibodies. But the drug might work better than a vaccine for the elderly and others with weakened immune systems who are unable to produce a robust number of antibodies on their own, Brunswick said.Still, the company still has a lot of pre-clinical work and testing to go. Sorrento is hoping to have the drug ready for human trials in four to six months.By then, vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna will likely be widely available, but Dr. Ji said the world needs to prepare for the possibility this virus will mutate.“When you vaccinate hundreds of millions, potentially billions of people, the virus is under tremendous evolution pressure,” he said. “It will escape. It’s guaranteed that the virus is going to mutate and escape all of the vaccines we’re trying to create.”If it does, he said Sorrento will be ready to rapidly deploy its DNA-based countermeasure. 4223

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The mother of the hero pilot who made an emergency landing Friday on I-8 in El Cajon says she couldn't be more proud.Kelly Muno said Friday afternoon she got an urgent call from her daughter, "She's like don't panic mom, mom, Ryan's okay."READ RELATED:?Plane lands on Interstate 8 freeway in El CajonShe turned on the TV and saw her son landing a Piper with his student pilot, a 36-year-old man, on board, "I felt like I was in one of those airplane games, he just came in gliding near all those cars, did you guys see when that kid was like, 'Hey dad watch out for the airplane?' I was like, 'Oh My God!' Father Son Holy Spirit," she said crossing herself, "and I dropped to my knees."Muno had a career in aviation, performing duties from flight attendant to loading the aircraft and working on flight plans. Just watching the video made her tear up, knowing his safe landing was a miracle."We're all blessed. If I had lost Ryan, but he saved so many people," she said wiping away a tear.Muno said Ryan's been an instructor for two years, pursuing his second dream after a concussion during a baseball game changed his trajectory."When he was a little baby he used to lay down in the first class cabin and just go to sleep," she said he found his love of flying from growing up traveling with her.After his emergency landing, she's not too keen on him jumping back into the cockpit.Last night she urged him to hang out with his friends, or his father, "because if I get you, I'm never going to let you go," she said choking back tears.She said Ryan is probably going to go back to work tomorrow. He is also waiting to hear back from United Airlines. She said he applied to be a pilot with them and hopes to find out if he got the job by next month. 1801

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The county of San Diego is hoping to help curb the spread of COVID-19 among Latinos in the county with a new campaign announced on Tuesday.County numbers show Latinos are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Out of the 24,000 confirmed cases in the county, 60% are Latino, but Latinos only make up 34% of the county's population.Out of the 487 coronavirus deaths in the county, 45% of those were Latinos, 38% were White and 12% were Asian.The new outreach campaign will consist of signage in Spanish, with reminders to wear facial coverings and maintain social distance. The county says they are also reaching out on TV, radio and online with resources for the Latino community.Although there is no exact reason for why Latinos are disproportionately affected by this pandemic, county leaders say reasons could include the fact that many Latinos are essential workers, live in multi-generational families and some have underlying health conditions.The county says it's goal is to make sure Latinos have the information they need to protect themselves and their families, encouraging them to get tested and participate if they are called by a contact tracer.To slow the spread of the virus, the county has expanded testing throughout the region, especially in the South Bay. Currently, more than 50% of all testing is being done in this region.The county opened its newest COVID-19 testing site in Imperial Beach last week. This new location brings the total number to six testing sites in South County. Additional testing sites are located in San Ysidro, two in Chula Vista and two in National City."We've not only expanded our testing, but we've also increased our contact tracing in the region," said Barbara Jimenez, director for the Central and South regions of the County Health and Human Services Agency.Jimenez has been spearheading the county's outreach efforts in South Bay communities and has been working with city mayors and other partners to get prevention, testing and tracing messages to area residents."We all need to follow the health prevention messages we've been promoting on preventing the spread of COVID-19. Let's take care of ourselves, our families and our community," Jimenez said.The county has also increased its contact tracing capabilities and now has more than 500 disease investigators and contact tracers who are calling people who tested positive for COVID-19 and their close contacts so that they place themselves in isolation or self-quarantine. Nearly 100 more case investigators will come on board this week and the county will be hiring another 200 from the more than 2,300 job applications it recently received.In collaboration with San Diego State University, the county is deploying about 100 specially trained community health workers and public health students as tracers. They will help perform contact tracing in underserved communities.City News Service contributed to this report 2959

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The coronavirus outbreak is filling many with fear, anxiety and depression. To cope with these feelings, 10News spoke with licensed psychologist Dr. Michelle Carcel on strategies to get through the chaos."Evolutionarily we are not built for quick adaptation." Carcel said, that's why the reptilian part of our brain is freaking out. "One of my favorite sayings, it's not mine but I use it all the time, is relax nothing is in our control."READ RELATED: San Diego County libraries go digital to fight spread of coronavirusCarcel said mindfulness activities like yoga and meditation bring you into the moment and activate the parasympathetic nervous system, to calm the brain.Her first piece of advice for coping with all these changes to your daily life is to set a schedule. A schedule for you and any kids will bring back a sense of normalcy, and comfort.If you're feeling down, or isolated, find a furry friend. Adoptions and fostering is up in San Diego.RELATED: Where to get help amid coronavirus"Take time to walk your dog, play with your cat. They relieve stress quite a bit, so that's good," Carcel said smiling.Checking on a friend during this time of isolation is also important. "That is actually one of the worst times for folks who are specifically suffering from domestic violence concerns. We must take this incredibly seriously," Carcel added. She urges anyone who needs help to call the Crisis Line at 888-724-7240.Another serious issue we're facing is financial stress, many losing their job from the shut down. Carcel says while these are unprecedented times, we will endure, "here's the thing, humans are resilient. We have made it through a bunch of different, terrible things in our evolutionary process and we must remember that."She advises enjoying the time we have inside, by indulging in a book, playing a board game, or calling someone you love."Just surf the wave, we're going to make it through," she said.OPTUM has a free 24/7 helpline for anyone who needs emotional support, you can call 866-342-6892. 2060