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SAN FRANCISCO, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Wednesday reported record second fiscal quarter results that blow out analysts'expectations, citing strong demands for its products.For its fiscal 2011 second quarter ended on March 26, Apple posted net income of 5.99 billion U.S dollars or 6.4 dollars per share, compared with 3.07 billion, or 3.33 dollars per share a year ago. Its revenue reached 24.67 billion dollars, compare with 13.5 billion in the same period a year earlier.Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters gave an average estimate of 5.35 dollars earning per share on revenue of 23.3 billion."With quarterly revenue growth of 83 percent and profit growth of 95 percent, we're firing on all cylinders," said Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO. "We will continue to innovate on all fronts throughout the remainder of the year."As the most valuable business for the company, Apple sold 18.65 million iPhones in the second quarter, representing 113 percent unit growth over the year-ago quarter. In February, Apple announced that iPhone4 would come on Verizon network, enabling it to attract some 90 million Verizon subscribers to adopt the popular smartphone.The company sold 3.76 million Macs during the quarter, a 28 percent increase over the year-ago quarter, and 9.02 million iPods during the quarter, representing a 17 percent unit decline from the year-ago quarter.The company also sold 4.69 million iPads during the quarter, which is below analysts' projection. Analysts said Apple could have sold more tablets without supply constraints.Wall Street analysts estimated sales of iPad to reach about 6 million in the fiscal second quarter, alongside about 16 million iPhones and 3-4 million Macs.Apple also reported a gross margin of 41.4 percent compared to 41.7 percent in the year-ago quarter. Analyst said the decline of Apple's gross margins can be attributed to two reasons. One reason is the introduction of iPad in 2010 as it is a lower gross margin product than the iPhone. The other is the decline of iPhone margins over years.Supply chain related issues have been analysts' concern in the past quarter as Apple indicated in the Q1 earnings conference call that it could have sold more iPhones and faced some supply related issues. Meanwhile, the Japanese earthquake created more supply related issues for the company as its Japanese suppliers Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and Toshiba are both temporarily shut down to assess damage from the natural disaster.For the third fiscal quarter, Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer gave an estimated revenue of about 23 billion and profit of 5.03 dollars per share.

WASHINGTON, May 17 (Xinhua) -- A variation in a gene involved in regulating cholesterol in the bloodstream also appears to affect progesterone production in women, making it a likely culprit in a substantial number of cases of their infertility, a new study from Johns Hopkins University researchers suggests.The Hopkins group has also developed a simple blood test for this variation of the scavenger receptor class B type 1 gene ( SCARB1) but emphasized there is no approved therapy yet to address the problem in infertile women.Following up studies in female mice that first linked a deficiency in these receptors for HDL -- the so-called "good" or " healthy" cholesterol -- and infertility, researchers report finding the same link in studies of women with a history of infertility.The findings has been published on-line this week in the journal Human Reproduction.If the new study's findings hold up on further investigation, the John Hopkins team says they not only will offer clues into a genetic cause of some infertility, but could also lead to a treatment already shown to work in mice."Infertility is fairly common and a lot of the reasons for it are still unknown," warns endocrinologist Annabelle Rodriguez, an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the lead author. "Right now, the benefit of this research is in knowing that there might be a genetic reason for why some women have difficulty getting pregnant. In the future, we hope this knowledge can be translated into a cure for this type of infertility."

LOS ANGELES, March 4 (Xinhua) -- The California Department of Public Health on Friday announced a recall of hazelnuts which might be contaminated by E. coli bacteria.The department said it ordered the recall after seven people fell sick with E. coli bacteria from eating tainted hazelnuts.The seven illnesses include one in Michigan, three in Minnesota and three in Wisconsin, said Dr. Howard Backer, interim director of the department.The hazelnuts were distributed by DeFranco & Sons, a Los Angeles company, said the department.After being notified of the contamination, the company is voluntarily recalling the nuts, the department said.The hazelnuts affected by the recall were sold under the brand names Sunripe, George Packing, Firestone Farms and Northwest Hazelnut and were distributed nationwide from Nov. 2 to Dec. 22, according to the department.The 50-pound bags of hazelnuts and mixed nuts with hazelnuts may have been repacked or sold from bulk containers, the department said, adding people who had bought the hazelnuts should not eat them.Consumers should check with retailers to determine if their nuts are subject to the recall, and if they are, should discard them, the department added.People who develop symptoms after consuming hazelnuts should seek immediate medical attention, the department suggested.E. coli may cause symptoms that include bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and dehydration. In extreme cases, patients can suffer potentially life-threatening complication known as hemolytic uremic syndrome, which includes kidney failure.Young children and the elderly are the most vulnerable to the risk.

WASHINGTON, March 4 (Xinhua) -- New data suggest that the epilepsy drug Topamax (topiramate) and its generic versions increase the risk for the birth defects cleft lip and cleft palate in babies born to women who use the medication during pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday in a statement.Before prescribing topiramate, approved to treat certain types of seizures in people who have epilepsy, health care professionals should warn patients of childbearing age about the potential hazard to the fetus if a woman becomes pregnant while using the drug, the FDA said.Topiramate also is approved to prevent migraine headaches, but not to relieve the pain of migraines."Health care professionals should carefully consider the benefits and risks of topiramate when prescribing it to women of childbearing age," said Russell Katz, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Alternative medications that have a lower risk of birth defects should be considered."Cleft lip and cleft palate, collectively called oral clefts, are birth defects that occur when parts of the lip or palate do not completely fuse together early in the first trimester of pregnancy, a time when many women do not know they are pregnant.The defects range from a small notch in the lip to a groove that runs into the roof of the mouth and nose, possibly leading to problems with eating, talking, and to ear infections. Surgery often is performed to close the lip and palate and most children do well after treatment.Data from the North American Antiepileptic Drug (AED) Pregnancy Registry indicate an increased risk of oral clefts in infants exposed to topiramate during the first trimester of pregnancy. Infants exposed to topiramate as a single therapy experienced a 1.4 percent prevalence of oral clefts, compared with a prevalence of 0.38 percent - 0.55 percent in infants exposed to other antiepileptic drugs.Infants of mothers who did not have epilepsy and were not being treated with other antiepileptic drugs had a prevalence of 0.07 percent. Similar data from the United Kingdom Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register supported the North American AED Pregnancy Registry data.According to the FDA, before starting topiramate, pregnant women and women of childbearing potential should discuss other treatment options with their health care professional.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

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