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BEIJING, June 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A truck-sized asteroid passed over the Atlantic Ocean within 7,500 miles of the Earth on Monday, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.The space rock, called asteroid 2011 MD, is the second space rock to zip extremely close to the Earth this year.The asteroid, with latest size estimates ranging from 16 to 66 feet (5 to 20 meters) wide, was discovered just last week on June 22, but there was never any risk of it impacting the Earth, NASA scientists said. That means asteroid 2011 MD would likely be too small to survive the fiery plunge through the Earth's atmosphere, let alone reach the surface, NASA scientists said. Asteroids this size can be expected to buzz Earth with close shaves about once every six years, they added.The space rock flew well below geosynchronous satellites, which orbit 22,236 miles (35,786 km) above the Earth, but well above the 220-mile (354-km) altitude of the International Space Station.There was little chance that the asteroid would hit a satellite because of the vastness of space and relatively small number of satellites, experts said.

WASHINGTON, July 27 (Xinhua) -- Astronomers studying observations taken by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission have discovered the first known "Trojan" asteroid orbiting the sun along with Earth, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Wednesday in a statement.Trojans are asteroids that share an orbit with a planet near stable points in front of or behind the planet. Because they constantly lead or follow in the same orbit as the planet, they never can collide with it. In our solar system, Trojans also share orbits with Neptune, Mars and Jupiter. Two of Saturn's moons share orbits with Trojans.Scientists had predicted Earth should have Trojans, but they have been difficult to find because they are relatively small and appear near the sun from Earth's point of view."These asteroids dwell mostly in the daylight, making them very hard to see," said Martin Connors of Athabasca University in Canada, lead author of a new paper on the discovery to be published Thursday in the journal Nature. "But we finally found one, because the object has an unusual orbit that takes it farther away from the sun than what is typical for Trojans. WISE was a game-changer, giving us a point of view difficult to have at Earth 's surface."The WISE telescope scanned the entire sky in infrared light from January 2010 to February 2011. Connors and his team began their search for an Earth Trojan using data from NEOWISE, an addition to the WISE mission that focused in part on near-Earth objects, or NEOs, such as asteroids and comets. NEOs are bodies that pass within 28 million miles (45 million kilometers) of Earth 's path around the sun. The NEOWISE project observed more than 155, 000 asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter, and more than 500 NEOs, discovering 132 that were previously unknown.The team's hunt resulted in two Trojan candidates. One called 2010 TK7 was confirmed as an Earth Trojan after follow-up observations with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.The asteroid is roughly 1,000 feet (300 meters) in diameter. It has an unusual orbit that traces a complex motion near a stable point in the plane of Earth's orbit, although the asteroid also moves above and below the plane. The object is about 50 million miles (80 million kilometers) from Earth. The asteroid's orbit is well-defined and for at least the next 100 years, it will not come closer to Earth than 15 million miles (24 million kilometers).

KATHMANDU, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Two glaciers in Nepal that shrank at an accelerated rate in the past 10 years compared to preceding decades will inevitably disappear from rising temperatures as no fresh snow supply is expected for them, a new research by Japan's Nagoya University says.According to Wednesday's Republica daily, the masses of the Yala glacier of Langtang Himal in central Nepal and the AX010 glacier of Shorong Himal in the Khumbu region shrank annually by 0. 8 meters and 0.81 meters respectively in the 2000s, which was a significant acceleration from the 0.68 and 0.72 meters of shrinkage per year between 1970 and 1990, said findings of the research published in a journal of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States on Tuesday."If the trend since the 1990s continues for the Yala and AX010 glaciers, the disappearance of these glaciers is inevitable because they are about to lose their accumulation areas, thus, no snow supply is expected for these glaciers," says the research conducted by Koji Fujita and Takayuki Nuimura.The researchers also found that while the shrinking of glaciers has accelerated in humid environments, the opposite is true for those in arid environments. The shrinking of Rikha Samba glacier located in the Kaligandaki Hidden Valley slowed from 0.57 meters per year between 1970 and 1990 to 0.48 meters per year in the 2000s."A comparison of the mass balance results and annual precipitation reveals that glacier wastage has been accelerated in humid environments but suppressed in an arid environment," the research says.Apart from environment, altitude also appears to play a role in the lifespan of glaciers, the researchers say. Rikha Samba is located at an altitude of 5,700 meters where loss of mass from melting could be compensated to some extent by collection of snowfall.The Yala glacier and AX010, on the other hand, are located at lower altitudes of 5,400 meters and 5,200 meters respectively.

SINGAPORE, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- Singapore scientists have found possible new ways to treat a type of aggressive breast cancer that is unresponsive to current forms of treatment, local broadcaster Channel NewsAsia reported on Wednesday.The team of scientists at the Genome Institute of Singapore ( GIS) and National University of Singapore (NUS), led by GIS senior group leader Qiang Yu, found that the enzyme EZH2 acts by inhibiting genes that stop the growth of tumors in the body.The insights could open the door to developing more effective treatment for fast spreading breast cancers, especially the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer that is common all over the world.It was also found that through EZH2, cancer is promoted in the body by activating specific genes that impact breast cancer progression and cancer stem cell self-renewal.Yu said the new understanding on how EZH2 works as a cancer- causing gene in breast cancer has important therapeutic implication."The results suggest that small molecule drugs that block enzyme activity of EZH2 may not work for cancers caused by EZH2's activation genes," Yu said.Currently pharmaceutical companies have been developing drugs only to the block EZH2 enzyme activity so that tumor suppressers can perform their protective role in blocking cancer growth.Researchers said the next step would be to develop biomarkers to identify tumors with EZH2.This step would enable better treatment methods, with one of options being the development of therapies that shut down EZH2 completely and not just inhibit its enzymatic function.The findings have been published on the journal Molecular Cell.

SYDNEY, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- Australian scientists believe " brown fat," a wondrous tissue that burns energy to generate heat, could help people fight obesity, local media reported on Monday.A research team from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR) has worked out how to grow brown fat from stem cells biopsied from adults, raising hopes that one day brown fat could be transplanted in obese people to speed up calories they burn, the Australian Associated Press (AAP) reported.Garvan endocrinologist Paul Lee, who led the research, is optimistic about targeting brown fat as an obesity intervention, commenting "it's a highly metabolically active form of fat, and very exciting that we may be able to stimulate its growth in people."People are born with supplies of brown fat around their neckline to keep them warm as infants, according to scientists at GIMR.Scientists now know that brown fat is present in most, if not all, adults mainly just behind the collarbone.Studies have found that adults with brown fat are slimmer than those without."Although this is early work, it is a proof of concept study showing that the growth of brown fat cells is possible, using precursor cells taken from adult humans, under appropriate stimulation," Lee said."Regardless of whether or not someone has lots of or little brown fat, the precursor cells are universally present. Under the appropriate growth factor and hormonal stimulation, the cells all grow and differentiate into mature brown fat cells."However, Lee warned more work was needed.Lee said even if brown fat was transplanted into obese people or drugs developed to stimulate the growth of brown fat, exercise and a healthy diet would still be crucial to aiding weight loss."So I don't think this is a solution to obesity because there are so many other factors (involved in obesity)," he said."Despite how efficient brown fat is at burning energy, we would only need a few doughnuts to diminish or negate its benefits."Lee said it would be years before tests could be carried out on brown fat transplants.In the meantime, he is expanding his study to test different ways to grow brown fat.His study, to be printed in the October issue of Endocrinology, has been published in the online edition of the journal.