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BEIJING, July 15 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) announced Friday that a group of international scientists has finished sequencing the genetic code of the potato.The Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC), which is led by Chinese scientists and made up of 97 researchers from 14 countries, has sequenced the complete potato genome and published a report of its findings in the latest issue of the scientific journal Nature, said the CAAS.The research took six years and revealed that the potato contains about 39,000 genes, said the CAAS.Qu Dongyu, a potato farming specialist with the Crop Science Society of China and a promoter of the PGSC, said the study helped discover genes that define the growth and insect resistance of potatoes.The sequenced genome will enable scientists to create new varieties of potato that are high in yield and quality and more resistant to insects and diseases, he said.Huang Sanwen, a researcher with the CAAS and one of the three corresponding authors of the report, said the sequencing will also allow potato breeders to accelerate the breeding process of new seeds from 10 to 12 years to about 5 years.China is the world's top potato grower, with its farmers planting potatoes on nearly 90 million mu (6 million hectares) of land each year. The average yield per mu stands at 1,000 kg, only one-third of that harvested by countries with advanced technologies, Qu said.

WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Seven of the 20 top selling American prescription drugs will lose their patents by the end of next year, making way for less expensive generic versions, according to media reports.It's a shift that could save consumers billions of dollars -- assuming those big-ticket medications are willing to give up a trusted brand name for an off-label replacement.The prices of medications such as cholesterol-fighting Lipitor and blood thinner Plavix are expected to go down significantly, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Lipitor will lose its patent in November. When that patent expires, people are advised to buy atorvastatin, the generic equivalent. Other brand names include the anti-psychotic Zyprexa and the rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis drug Enbrel, of which the patent will expire in October and October of next year, respectively.Over the next 10 years, an estimated 120 more brand-name prescription drugs will lose their patents in the U.S.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 28 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday rolled out a new social networking service named "Google+", a long awaited move of the Internet search giant to crack the industry's social trend dominated by Facebook.Unlike Facebook, Google said that the project is designed for sharing with small groups like college roommates and parents. " Today's online services turn friendship into fast food, wrapping everyone in 'friend' paper," Google said in a blog post announcing the new service.Other Google+ features include Sparks, which gathers articles and videos on topics of interests or hobbies; and Hangouts, which allows users join live multi-person video chat.There is also a mobile version of Google+ for smartphones running Google's Android operating system, which enables multi- person text message chats and instant upload of photos from the phone.The Google+ project is currently in field trial and by invitation only. Users can select people from their Gmail contacts and organize them into different groups.Google+ is expected to test whether Google could come back from its past frustration in social networking, such as Buzz, a social networking and messaging too integrated into its Gmail service. Some of Google Buzz's features have been widely criticized for privacy concerns.Market research data show that Facebook has surpassed Google in terms of time spent on each site, a fact that advertisers attach importance to.According to Internet market research company comScore, including YouTube, 180 million people visited Google sites in May, compare to 157.2 million on Facebook. However, Facebook users looked at 103 billion pages and spent an average of 375 minutes on the site, while Google users viewed 46.3 billion pages and spent 231 minutes.In April, Google CEO and co-founder Larry Page reportedly sent out a company-wide memo alerting employees that 25 percent of their annual bonus will be tied to the success or failure of Google's social strategy in 2011.