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WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- An inexpensive drug that treats Type 2 diabetes has been shown to prevent a number of natural and man-made chemicals from stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells, according to a newly published study by a Michigan State University researcher. The research, led by pediatrics professor James Trosko and colleagues from South Korea's Seoul National University, provides biological evidence for previously reported epidemiological surveys that long-term use of the drug metformin for Type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes-associated cancers, such as breast cancers.The research appeared online this week in PLoS One.For the study, Trosko and colleagues focused on the concept that cancers originate from adult human stem cells and that there are many natural and man-made chemicals that enhance the growth of breast cancer cells. Using culture dishes, they grew miniature human breast tumors, or mammospheres, that activated a certain stem cell gene. Then the mammospheres were exposed to natural estrogen -- a known growth factor and potential breast tumor promoter -- and man-made chemicals that are known to promote tumors or disrupt the endocrine system.The team found that estrogen and the chemicals caused the mammospheres to increase in numbers and size. However, with metformin added, the numbers and size of the mammospheres were dramatically reduced. While each of the chemicals enhanced growth by different means, metformin seemed to be able to inhibit their stimulated growth in all cases."While future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism by which metformin works to reduce the growth of breast cancers, this study reveals the need to determine if the drug might be used as a preventive drug and for individuals who have no indication of any existing cancers," Trosko said.

BEIJING, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- The BRICS members should make joint efforts to help ease tension in the Middle East and support the region's countries in carrying out political transition and social reconstruction on their own, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weimin said Friday.Liu made the remarks at a daily press briefing, after Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun attended a deputy foreign ministers' conference of the BRICS in the Russian capital of Moscow on Thursday.The BRICS countries' enhanced communication and coordination, joint maintenance of the basic principles of international law, and opposition to foreign armed interference in the region are in line with the common interests of Middle East countries and the international community, Liu said."China will make concerted efforts with the international society, including BRICS members, to make constructive contribution to the Middle East's peace, stability and development," Liu said.The spokesman quoted Zhai Jun as saying at the Moscow conference that the Middle East's situation has a significant impact on international politics, economy and security in addition to the impact on the political and social situations in the region.It conforms with the common interests of the region's countries and the international community for the Middle East to be politically open and inclusive, independent in foreign policy, sustainable in economic development, and peaceful and stable in security matters, Zhai was quoted as saying.Liu Weimin said a joint communique was issued at the Moscow conference. The communique called on various parties to respect the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Middle East countries, have extensive dialogues by peaceful means, and make active efforts to seek solutions to the crisis.The BRICS members oppose the interference in the Middle East countries' internal affairs by foreign forces, advocate the positive role of the United Nations Security Council, and urge various parties to strictly observe the authorization of the UN Security Council, according to Liu.BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- A Spring Festival gala was held at the Great Hall of the People Saturday to entertain the country's military officers, soldiers and civilians.Representatives of officers and soldiers in the military units and armed police forces in Beijing as well as some Beijing residents attended the gala.President Hu Jintao and other top Chinese leaders including Wu Bangguo, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang were also present at the gala.Hu expressed greetings to the audience and extended his good wishes for them, ahead of the traditional Spring Festival, or the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls on Jan. 23 this year.

OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

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