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BEIJING -- China may entirely switch to non-food materials such as cassva, sweet potato, sorgo and cellulose in producing ethanol fuel as a substitute for petroleum, said a government official. The country would approve no projects designed to produce ethanol fuel with food from now on, an official of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) told a seminar on China's fuel ethanol development held in Beijing on Saturday. "Food-based ethanol fuel will not be the direction for China," said Xu Dingming, vice director of the Office of the National Energy Leading Group, who was also at the seminar. China has been trying to avoid occupation of arable land, consumption of large amount of grain and damages to the environment in developing the renewable energies. The current four enterprises engaged in producing corn-based ethanol would be asked to switch to non-food materials gradually, according to the NDRC official who declined to be named. The four enterprises in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan and Anhui have a combined production capacity of 1.02 million tons of corn-based ethanol per year. The country has become a big producer and consumer of ethanol fuel in the world after the United States, Brazil and European Union, according to the NDRC official. China Oil and Food Corporation (COFCO), the country's largest oil and food importer and exporter, would focus on sorgo in the production of non-food-based ethanol fuel, said Yu Xubo, president of COFCO at the seminar. COFCO, which owns the Heilongjiang enterprise and has a twenty-percent stake in the Anhui enterprise, aims to produce five million tons of ethanol fuel based on sorgo in the near future. COFCO is leading the way in developing cellulosic ethanol fuel under a cooperation agreement with Denmark-based Novozymes, which leads the world in researches into the key enzymes needed in large-scale production of cellulosic ethanol. The current cost for producing ethanol fuel from stalks of corn, which are discarded by farmers, is still too high. Novozymes is working on the commercialization of cellulosic ethanol both in the United States and China. "We are optimistic about China's prospect of making it work ahead of the US, as the cost of collecting the stalks of corn are much cheaper in China," said Steen Riisgaard, president and CEO of Novozymes. There is much opposition both in China and in the world to corn-based ethanol fuel, which is believed will lead to higher corn price.

CHANGSHA -- Central China's Hunan Province said it has taken effective measures to prevent epidemics after about 2 billion rats chomped their way through cropland around the Dongting Lake, the country's second largest freshwater lake. "It's not possible for rodent-borne diseases to break out in the lake area," said Chen Xiaochun, vice director of the provincial health department. Local health authorities have been watching closely over the rodent situation after the rats fled their flooded island homes and invaded 22 counties around the Dongting Lake last week, he told a press conference on Wednesday. Results of their observation are reported daily to the provincial health department and the public, he said. Meanwhile, local health and disease prevention and control authorities have intensified management of raticide and pesticide, for fear they might contaminate food and water, Chen added. No human infection of any rat-borne disease has been reported in the central Chinese province since 1944. The provincial government also ruled out widespread suspicions that rats flooded the area because one of their natural enemies -- snakes -- had been served at dinner tables. "The Dongting Lake area is not an ideal habitat for snakes," said Deng Sanlong, a top forestry official in the province, "and the only two species that inhabitate the region feed largely on fish and frogs." He said the top enemy of the rats are hawks that spend winter in the wetland around the lake but fly away in spring. China's Ministry of Agriculture and the Hunan provincial government have allocated 900,000 yuan in total to eradicate the rats.

SYDNEY - Chinese President Hu Jintao met here Saturday with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, to exchange views on bilateral ties, the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsular and other issues of common concern.The meeting took place on the sidelines of the 15th Economic Leaders Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. Both China and Japan are APEC members.All-round Sino-Japanese ties currently maintain a sound momentum of improvement and development, which are widely welcomed by both peoples and the international community, Hu said."Sino-Japanese ties are now at a crucial juncture," Hu said, "we should maintain such a sound trend, and push forward the healthy and steady development of bilateral ties."This year marks the 35th anniversary of the normalization of Sino-Japanese ties. Over the next few months, the two countries will host various activities of friendly exchange, Hu said, hoping that the two sides will cooperate and support each other to make these activities a success, in order to enhance the mutual understanding and friendship of both peoples."We welcome Prime Minister Abe to visit China again this year, and hope both sides will make good preparations to ensure the visit achieve positive results," Hu told Abe.Abe echoed Hu's remarks on bilateral ties, saying bilateral cooperation has made progress in various areas.Bilateral exchanges and cooperation in defense matters have made positive progress, which are of great significance, Abe added.Japan attaches great importance to maintaining high-level contacts with China and is looking forward to conducting more contacts with Chinese leaders this year, Abe said.Japan is ready to work with China to push forward bilateral ties, Abe added.The Chinese president arrived here from Canberra Wednesday to attend the annual APEC Economic Leaders Meeting. He has also paid a state visit to Australia.

Joseph Li Shan was ordained on Friday as the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, filling the vacancy left by the late Bishop Michael Fu Tieshan who passed away in April.Father Li Shan, the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, walks out of the Southern Catholic Church following the appointment ceremony in Beijing, September 21, 2007. [Reuters]Li, 42, was appointed to the influential post at a ceremony in the city's 400-year-old Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception at Xuanwumen, Xicheng District in Beijing.The ceremony began with a procession of seminarians, nuns, priests and bishops, including ordaining prelate John Fang Xingyao from Linyi Diocese in East China's Shandong Province, and bishops from other major dioceses in China, who were serving as coordinating prelates.During the ceremony, Li took a traditional oath of service to the church, which has 50,000 followers in Beijing.He also promised to "lead all the priests, seminarians and nuns of this diocese in adhering to the nation's Constitution and maintaining national unification and social stability".Representatives from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association and the Bishops' Conference of the Chinese Catholic Church, as well as more than 70 priests and more than 1,000 worshippers attended the ceremony.Proceedings were broadcast to those outside via loudspeaker and closed-circuit television.Overseas media reported earlier that Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone described Father Li as a "good and qualified" candidate after his election by the Beijing diocese in July."We welcome the attitude of the Vatican. It signals progress in our relationship," Liu Bainian, vice-president of the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, said.Li was elected bishop-designate by an overwhelming majority over three competitors by priests and nuns of the Beijing diocese and representatives of Church followers on July 16, after his predecessor Michael Fu Tieshan passed away on April 20.Born in 1965, Li, who used to be a priest at Beijing's St Joseph's Church in the capital's Wangfujing commercial area, graduated from the Chinese Catholic Academy of Theology and Philosophy.He was ordained as a priest by Bishop Fu 1989.You Suzhen, a 75-year-old Catholic, said the new bishop was well liked in the diocese, and had rich experience as an administrator, academic and parish priest."I am confident he will be a good successor to Bishop Fu," You said."I'm sure he'll do a great job in uniting and leading us," Sun Xiang'en, a Beijing priest who helped train Li as a seminarian, said.Li was the second bishop ordained this year, after 40-year-old Paul Xiao Zejiang was ordained as coadjutor - the designated successor to the current Bishop Anicetus Wang Chongyi - in Guizhou Diocese earlier this month.Liu said the Catholic body has so far received six applications to fill vacant bishoprics in Guizhou, Guangzhou, Yichang, Beijing, Ningxia and Hohhot. The Chinese mainland has 5 million Catholics under 97 dioceses.

SHANGHAI: A revised rule that forces shipping companies to shoulder the cost of cleaning up pollution from maritime accidents, such as oil spills, in China's waters, is likely to take effect next year, if not sooner, a senior official with China Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) said Wednesday.If the revised regulation is approved by the State Council, companies such as Sinopec, PetroChina and the China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) will be required to contribute to a special compensation and clean-up fund, Liu Gongcheng, executive director of China MSA, said.Liu told a press conference prior to the 2007 Shanghai International Maritime Forum, which kicked off Wednesday, the fund will boost the country's emergency response capabilities to maritime pollution disasters.The official declined to say how big the fund could be.The rules also include a scheme asking all ships using its seawaters to purchase insurance.Liu said the mechanism, already in the pipeline for two years, is one of China MSA's measures to handle possible oil spill pollution, as the ocean environment faces greater pressure with increased shipping traffic, including oil cargo ships to and from China's coast.Figures showed more than 90 percent of China's oil imports - 145 million tons last year - is transported by sea. Some 163,000 tankers of all sizes sailed into and out of China's ports last year, an average of 446 every day."The size of oil tankers is also getting bigger, up to 300,000 tons, which has added to the risk," Liu said. "If only 1 percent of the oil is spilled, we will be confronted with a catastrophe."Oil spills can wreak havoc on sea life, fishing and tourism. They cost millions of yuan to clean up and even more in compensation and damages, he said.The oil spill from the tanker Prestige, which sank off Spain in November 2002, leaked 77,000 tons of oil that caused several billion dollars worth of damage.In the past year, there have been several oil spills in domestic seawaters that involved 500 to 600 tons of oil, but didn't cause serious pollution due to emergency response, Liu said.Losses caused by ships using international waters can be covered by insurance in accordance with international conventions.However China urgently needs a mechanism to cover the costs many small- and medium-sized ship owners cannot afford."It is not fair to let the clean-up companies shoulder the cost, so the compensation fund can be especially useful in that situation," he said.The administration is continuing to invest in facilities and enhance China's emergency response capabilities.

来源：资阳报