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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco are working on a spray designed to block the novel coronavirus from hijacking cells in the body, like a biological mask or internal personal protective equipment.They’re doing it by borrowing a defense mechanism from an unlikely source: llamas.The team, led by UCSF graduate student Michael Schoof, engineered a synthetic molecule based on one found in a llama’s immune system that acts like an antibody but is one-tenth the size.Human antibody treatments, known as convalescent plasma, require a transfusion in a hospital setting. But this smaller molecule, called a nanobody, can be easily self-administered via an inhaler or nasal spray and rapidly manufactured using yeast, Schoof said.The scientists named their product AeroNabs. They say it could be an inexpensive intervention for treating and preventing COVID-19 while the world waits for a vaccine.“We don't know how effective vaccines will be. We don't know how long it will take to rapidly deploy them, so we envision this product as hopefully a bridge until there is widespread, effective vaccination,” Schoof said.Once a vaccine is available, AeroNabs could offer protection for individuals who are unable to be inoculated for health reasons, he said, or an early treatment option.The team is in talks with commercial partners and hopes to begin clinical trials soon.In the 1980s, Belgian scientists discovered that about half of the antibodies in camels, llamas and alpacas are shaped differently than the antibodies found in other mammals, including humans. Researchers later learned they could use a fragment of these oddly shaped camelid antibodies to bind to antigens.Those fragments are called nanobodies.Currently, there is only one FDA-approved drug that uses nanobodies. Caplacizumab was approved last year to treat a rare blood disorder.The team at UCSF sifted through billions of nanobodies to find one that binded best to the spike proteins on the coronavirus, then engineered it to stick even better.The coronavirus uses its spikes to enter cells and replicate; the spikes are essentially the pathogen’s key into the body. By coating the spikes with nanobodies or antibodies, the viral key no longer fits into the body’s receptors and the virus can’t get in.“This works in the lab. It needs to be translated into the clinic,” said Schoof.The team at UCSF still needs to figure out the best delivery method, whether it is a nebulizer, an inhaler or a nasal spray. 2524

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) has updated its use of force policy to include a ban on the carotid restraint technique among other new policies.MTS said the agency is training officers and has started testing the policies, which include:Banning carotid restraints and choke holds, prohibiting the use of knee pressure on the neck, throat or headA requirement that the use of force to be proportional to the seriousness of the offenseRequiring officers to intervene if witnessing excessive force by another employeeA requirement to use de-escalation tactics when feasible (de-escalation training was previously provided, but now written into policy)Requiring a warning prior to the use of forceMTS will also begin its fare diversion pilot program on Sept. 1 to help riders caught without fare avoid court fees or a citation.RELATED: San Diego MTS steps up efforts to keep riders, workers safeThe new policies come after several local agencies moved to end the use of the carotid restraint technique and reform their own use of force policies."These reforms to the use of force policy are another step in our effort to comprehensively restructure our approach to transit safety. We will continue working to ensure the dignity and safety for our passengers," said MTS Chair Nathan Fletcher said in a release. 1345

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — San Diego hosts air events, Oktoberfest fun, and celebrates the region's heritage this weekend.The Miramar Airshow returns this weekend, bringing high-flying action and military displays to MCAS Miramar for free to the public.El Cajon and Encinitas get in the Oktoberfest spirit with massive celebrations featuring local and international brews, delicious German cuisine, and local fare.MORE: Don't see anything you like? Check out our event calendar for even more local eventsAnd San Diego celebrates explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's landing in San Diego with Cabrillo Festival and free admission to Cabrillo National Monument on Satuday.Here's a look at the fun around this weekend:THURSDAYGI Film FestivalWhere: Museum of Photographic Arts or UltraStar Cinemas at Hazard Center; Cost: - The GI Film Festival brings together a community of passionate filmmakers, the military veteran community, and those who support them to showcase works in cinema and educate and preserve the legacies of veterans. This year, films focusing on the Afghanistan War, short documentaries, post-9/11, the Iraq War, and student and military veteran projects will be screened.UB40 and ShaggyWhere: Petco Park's Park at the Park; Cost: Head out to Petco Park and catch UB40 with Ali and Astro, Shaggy and The Green at Park at the Park as part of their 40th anniversary tour "A Real Labour of Love."FRIDAYMiramar AirshowWhere: MCAS Miramar; Cost: Free - 0(Friday - Sunday) The MCAS Miramar Airshow soars into town in September, bringing a spectacle of military and aerial might to San Diego. The show will celebrate of armed forces with daily performances and demonstrations, exhibits, and static displays for guests to enjoy for free.Oktoberfest in El CajonWhere: German American Societies of San Diego; Cost: - (Friday - Sunday) Enjoy live German "Oom-Pah" music, traditional foods like bratwurst and ox-on-the-spit, German beers, folk games and dancing, and a kids' zone at El Cajon's massive two-weekend Oktoberfest party.SATURDAYFee Free Day at Cabrillo National MonumentWhere: Cabrillo National Monument; Cost: FreeThe National Parks Service is celebrating National Public Lands Day with free admission at parks for guests. Learn about how 16th century explorers navigated with such accurate results, or go inside the Fort Rosecrans bunkers at the site that date back to World War II. As part of the day, a volunteer event to clean up trails is also scheduled.Poway RodeoWhere: Poway Valley Riders Association's grounds; Cost: - (Friday - Saturday) Grab your cowboy boots and head down to the Poway Rodeo, including appearances by the Navy Leap Frog parachute team, rodeo clowns, steer wrestling, team roping, barrel racing, and of course, lots of bull riding. Stick around after each night for the after-hours Rodeo Jam with music and dancing. San Diego International Dragon Boat RacesWhere: Mission Bay; Cost: FreeWatch dragon boat teams face off in Mission Bay and enjoy lion dancing, music and performances, and a Vendor Village with food trucks, clothing, jewelry, paddling gear and more.SUNDAYEncinitas OktoberfestWhere: Mountain Vista Drive and El Camino Real; Cost: Free to attendEncinitas celebrates Oktoberfest with Gemütlichkeit Alpine Dancers, a street craft faire, and family fun zone parked with rides and games. A "Keepin' It Local" beer garden will boast authentic German foods and both German and San Diego brews.Cabrillo FestivalWhere: Naval Base Point Loma; Cost: FreeCelebrate Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's historic landing in San Diego with a free festival, packed with educational activities, cultural demonstrations, folkloric performances, delicious Latin American foods, and arts and crafts vendors.San Diego Restaurant WeekWhere: Various locations; Cost: Varies(Thursday - Sunday) Enjoy the final days of San Diego Restuarant Week, with more than 180 different restaurants will be participating in the event. Grab a taste of what some of San Diego's best chefs have to offer with special prix fixe menusoffering affordable prices. 4092

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – San Diego police are asking for the public’s help in finding a missing 17-year-old boy with several health problems.According to police, Jeremy Jose Sanchez was last seen by his mother at their apartment on Aug. 23 at around 9 p.m. Police did not disclose what part of the city the boy was last seen.The teen suffers from vision damage, loss of hearing, and has active tuberculosis. Police said he takes medications for his conditions, but he left his home without them.Police said Jeremy was reported as a runaway juvenile at risk due to health conditions.The teen is Latino with a tanned complexion, 6 feet 1 inches tall, weighs around 146 pounds, and has brown eyes and black hair.Jeremy was last seen wearing a gray T-shirt, blue jeans, and white, red and black Jordan shoes.Anyone with information on the teen is urged to contact San Diego police at 619-531-2000 or 911. 902

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- San Diego County’s District Attorney Monday warned of price gouging amid the coronavirus. During a declared state of emergency, it’s illegal for a business to increase prices for essential goods or services by more than 10 percent. The only exception is if businesses can prove their own costs have increased. On March 4, Governor Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency throughout California. RELATED: Santa Clara County announces first coronavirus deathThe San Diego County Board of Supervisors also extended a state of emergency for an additional 30 days on February 19. “We want county residents to know that we stand ready to protect their consumer rights under the law,” District Attorney Summer Stephan said. “We will strictly enforce violations related to price gouging.”Violations of the price gouging statute could face up to a year in prison and a fine of up to ,000. "We're going to go out when we get citizen complaints and provide them notice and explain to them what the law is," said Damon Mosler, Chief of the Economic Crimes Division for the DA's office. "then we're going to monitor them if they continue to do that, we're going to charge them with a crime."RELATED: Grand Princess cruise ship passengers to be quarantined at MCAS Miramar amid coronavirusIt’s also a misdemeanor for a hotel or motel to increase regular rates by more than 10 percent during a declared emergency. "Do not take advantage of people during the time of crisis or perceived crisis," said Mosler. "The idea is for us to all work together and hopefully get through this very difficult situation."Check the list below for items that are covered under the law: Food and drink, including for animalsEmergency supplies like water, flashlights, radios, batteries, candles, blankets, soaps, diapers, toiletriesMedical supplies such as prescription and nonprescription drugs, bandages, gauze, isopropyl alcohol, and antibacterial productsThe public can report suspected price gouging to the District Attorney’s Consumer Protection Unit at (619) 531-3507 or to the California Attorney General’s Office here.Mosler said at least one case of suspected price gouging is being investigated in San Diego. 2221

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