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CANBERRA, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- A team of Australian and U.S. scientists on Wednesday said they discovered a genetic defect, which can lead to Leigh syndrome, a rare disorder which affects the central nervous syndrome.The scientists tested more than 1000 genes by encoding proteins active in two individuals who suffer from the illness. They used a new technique known as next-generation DNA sequencing to examine the genes.The gene they discovered encodes an enzyme which is found in the mitochondria which are subsets of cells. Without this enzyme the mitochondria do not translate proteins efficiently, and this then causes Leigh syndrome.According to David Thorburn, from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, the discovery shows the enormous potential of the new technology."These findings demonstrate the ability of sequencing technologies to improve diagnosis," Professor Thorburn said in a statement released on Wednesday."Although it isn't clear in the case of Leigh syndrome whether the precise molecular diagnosis will necessarily lead to therapies, the current findings represent a meaningful service."He added that diagnosis of the disease along with its specific genetic cause can also be informative about the risk a couple has of having another affected child. The diagnostic information can help in decisions about whether and how to pursue alternative means of having children, for instance through the use of donor sperm or eggs.The research team consisted of scientists from Australia's Murdoch Institute as well as the Broad Institute in the U.S.In Leigh syndrome, infants are born apparently healthy only to develop movement and breathing disorders that worsen over time, often leading to death by the age of three. The problem is that the mitochondria responsible for powering their cells cannot keep up with the demand for energy in their developing brains.

SINGAPORE, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- Singapore scientists have found possible new ways to treat a type of aggressive breast cancer that is unresponsive to current forms of treatment, local broadcaster Channel NewsAsia reported on Wednesday.The team of scientists at the Genome Institute of Singapore ( GIS) and National University of Singapore (NUS), led by GIS senior group leader Qiang Yu, found that the enzyme EZH2 acts by inhibiting genes that stop the growth of tumors in the body.The insights could open the door to developing more effective treatment for fast spreading breast cancers, especially the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer that is common all over the world.It was also found that through EZH2, cancer is promoted in the body by activating specific genes that impact breast cancer progression and cancer stem cell self-renewal.Yu said the new understanding on how EZH2 works as a cancer- causing gene in breast cancer has important therapeutic implication."The results suggest that small molecule drugs that block enzyme activity of EZH2 may not work for cancers caused by EZH2's activation genes," Yu said.Currently pharmaceutical companies have been developing drugs only to the block EZH2 enzyme activity so that tumor suppressers can perform their protective role in blocking cancer growth.Researchers said the next step would be to develop biomarkers to identify tumors with EZH2.This step would enable better treatment methods, with one of options being the development of therapies that shut down EZH2 completely and not just inhibit its enzymatic function.The findings have been published on the journal Molecular Cell.

BEIJING, Sept. 20 (Xinhuanet)-- Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt is to face a Senate hearing on whether the company is abusing its dominance in Internet search, according to media reports on Tuesday.At the Wednesday's hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee's antitrust panel, Schmidt will argue that critics are wrong to say Google gives preference to its own products, instead, Google is just trying to deliver the best-cultivated search results for users. The issue of search ranking is a touchy subject with Google, which says its algorithm is devised to give users the most useful result so they will come back.Another focal point of the hearing, which Schmidt concerned most is "scrapers", those who game its search algorithm, for example, taking commonly searched words, combine them into a nonsensical block of text and throw it up on the Web to grab eyeballs and advertising dollars.Google believes that, if scrapers succeed too often, consumers will lose confidence in search and turn to other resources, thus posing an existential threat to the company.Regulators in the U.S. and abroad have been looking into various aspects of Google's business practices since the company's 2007 purchase of ad firm DoubleClick. At the moment, European regulators are conducting an antitrust inquiry into Google's search business while the Federal Trade Commission is doing likewise. Google relies overwhelmingly on its core product, Internet search, and dominates the market for that product. It handles around two-thirds of U.S. Internet searches and more than 80 percent in many European countries, according to comScore Inc.

SUVA, July 25 (Xinhua) -- There are 400,000 people suffering from anaemia in Fiji with a total of population at about 800,000 people, according to the Health Ministry on Monday.Health Minister Doctor Neil Sharma told media that currently 60 per cent of children less than five years old are iron deficient, 40 per cent of women lack iron while 20 per cent of men suffer from iron deficiency in the island nation.Sharma, therefore, called on every family to grow local, eat local and move back to our traditional food habits, telling anaemic, "Do not forget to take your iron tablets."National Advisor Non-Communicable Diseases, Dr Isimeli Tukana also told media on Monday that strategies would include implementing the Food and Health Guidelines for the country in all clinics.All females are supposed to take their iron medication while all pre and primary school children will be given iron supplementation, he added.According to Fiji's Agriculture and Nutrition Department, the island nation, which is in transition towards increasing industrialization, is facing nutritional problems associated with both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.Lack of access to food due to economical shortages is one of the major causes of malnutrition in the country as one quarter of the population is living below the poverty line and most are living in illegal squatter settlements in search of employment and educational opportunities in urban areas.The problem of over-nutrition, on the other hand, may be associated with the change in the consumption patterns towards a diet high in energy but low in fibre, vitamins and minerals and a sedentary lifestyle.

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