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WASHINGTON, May 17 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Tuesday that the international Aquarius/SAC-D observatory will be launched on June 9, to study interactions between ocean circulation, the water cycle and climate by measuring ocean surface salinity.Engineers at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California are performing final tests before mating the satellite to its Delta II rocket. The mission is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina' s space agency, with participation from Brazil, Canada, France and Italy.In addition to Aquarius, the primary instrument, the observatory carries seven other instruments that will collect environmental data for a wide range of applications, including studies of natural hazards, air quality, land processes and epidemiology.The mission will make NASA's first space observations of the concentration of dissolved salt at the ocean surface. Aquarius' observations will reveal how salinity variations influence ocean circulation, trace the path of freshwater around our planet, and help drive Earth's climate. The ocean surface constantly exchanges water and heat with Earth's atmosphere. Approximately 80 percent of the global water cycle that moves freshwater from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean happens over the ocean.Salinity plays a key role in these exchanges. By tracking changes in ocean surface salinity, Aquarius will monitor variations in the water cycle caused by evaporation and precipitation over the ocean, river runoff, the freezing and melting of sea ice. Salinity also makes seawater denser, causing it to sink, where it becomes part of deep, interconnected ocean currents. This deep ocean "conveyor belt" moves water masses and heat from the tropics to the polar regions, helping to regulate Earth's climate."Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth' s complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle," said Aquarius Principal Investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Research in Seattle in a statement. "Aquarius will map global variations in salinity in unprecedented detail, leading to new discoveries that will improve our ability to predict future climate."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing microwave emissions from the water's surface with a radiometer instrument. These emissions can be used to indicate the saltiness of the surface water, after accounting for other environmental factors. Salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, and small changes are important. Aquarius uses advanced technologies to detect changes in salinity as small as about two parts per 10,000, equivalent to a pinch (about one-eighth of a teaspoon) of salt in a gallon of water.Aquarius will map the entire open ocean every seven days for at least three years from 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Its measurements will produce monthly estimates of ocean surface salinity with a spatial resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The data will reveal how salinity changes over time and from one part of the ocean to another.

BEIJING, Feb. 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese society will age fast in the next five years and the government must be well prepared for the demographic change, said Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu here Friday.Government policies needed adjusting and the social insurance network should be improved, Hui said at a meeting of the China National Committee on Aging.Also services for senior citizens should be better developed to meet their needs, said Hui, also the committee's director.The country will also work to expand the pension system in the rural area and cover as many senior people as possible, he said.Health authorities plan to build more medical facilities for the elderly and urban planning should take the needs of senior people into consideration, he said.

LIMA, May 5 (Xinhua) -- A total of 53.5 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean suffer from hunger or malnutrition, experts said at an international forum here Thursday.Juan Garcia, coordinator of the 5th work-group meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Initiative Without Hunger, said the figure has not increased since 1990.Experts and officials from 13 countries gathered to discuss the challenges facing regional food security and advances that have been made, hoping to make cooperative efforts to eradicate hunger and malnutrition by the year 2025.Carcia said people affected most across the continent are still those living in rural areas as well as African descendants and indigenous people who suffer from "exclusion and inequality."The main cause of undernutrition is not lack of food-production capacity, but access to food, Carcia said.Six countries, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, have approved food security laws with nine more in the process of doing so. The laws are considered as a way to ensure that local agricultural products are primarily used to feed the countries' own populations and not used for export.

UNITED NATIONS, April 1 (Xinhua) -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon on Friday called for greater public awareness of autism, in order to fight the stigma and discrimination facing those who suffer from the disorder.The statement came in a message to mark the annual World Autism Awareness Day, observed globally on April 2."Children and persons with autistic conditions face major challenges associated with stigma and discrimination, as well as a lack of access to support," said Ban."Far too many suffer terrible discrimination, abuse and isolation, in violation of their fundamental human rights," he added.Autism is a disorder that affects the brain's development of social and communication skills, and generally appears in the first three years of life."The number of children and people with autistic conditions continues to rise -- in every nation and in every racial, ethnic and social group," the secretary-general said.Ban said it is critical to support parents of children with the disorder and "create jobs for individuals with autism based on their skills and strengths, and improve public education to better meet the needs of students with autism."