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It's one small step for man, one giant leap for chile peppers.A team of scientists at NASA is working to launch the Espa?ola chile pepper into space. This would be the first fruiting plant the United States has grown and harvested at the International Space Station.As NASA looks to send astronauts to Mars, it's crucial that the agency find plants and fruits that can travel with them.According to Jacob Torres, a NASA scientist, depending on the alignment of the planets, the shortest trip to Mars would still take two years. Traditional prepackaged meals will not provide enough vitamins and nutrients for astronauts on the journey."They would be able to fill their stomachs up, but they wouldn't have the nutrients to do their work," Torres said.Before NASA embarks toward the Red Planet, scientists must find ways to supplement the astronauts' diet with freshly grown fruits and vegetables, such as the Espa?ola pepper.Why chile peppers?There are many challenges to growing crops in space. A plant must be easily pollinated and able to survive in a high-carbon-dioxide environment.Scientists found that certain chile peppers can do both these things.When Torres arrived at NASA in 2018 for an internship, scientists were exploring the possibility of growing Hatch peppers, a New Mexico chile.Torres, a native of that state, suggested that the team look at the state's Espa?ola pepper instead.Hatch peppers grow in the deserts of New Mexico, but Espa?ola peppers grow at much higher altitudes and have a shorter growth period, making them better for harvesting in space.The Espa?ola peppers have exceeded expectations, he said. NASA is preparing to send the peppers off to the International Space Station between November and January.Fighting colds in spaceNot only can chile peppers withstand extreme conditions, they are packed with vitamins. This will help astronauts battle some of the health problems they face in space, Torres said.Zero gravity causes the body's fluids to rise to the head, making astronauts feel as though they have 2056

It used to be that learning happened in the classroom, but these last few months it’s happened a lot in front of a screen. Many parents have debated about how much screen time is too much and what’s best as school comes to a close and we hit the summer break. Now, some experts say that thinking screen time is bad might be old-school thinking. Video games have changed a lot since the days of Atari Pong. Now, more than ever, they’re designed to keep the consumer engaged. One of their biggest targets: adolescents. "Video games have classically been more of a problem because once you really engage that reward system, it’s frustrating and tough to pull kids off," said psychiatrist Joel Stoddard.He said that’s because a child’s reward system is stronger than a child’s control system. And there’s a difference in the way the brain reacts to video games than it does to the online schooling. "For most of the video games that kids are really into, like Fortnite and Zelda: Breath of the Wild, those games are designed to really engage their reward systems and keep their attention. So, that’s a little bit different than online school, which is not really designed in the same way to grab hold of those areas in the brain that are involved in like ‘this is what I want’," said Stoddard. "When kids are engaged with a teacher or with academic content online, that serves a very different purpose than playing a video game or having a zoom call to socialize with a peer," said Jennifer Walsh-Rurak, Vice President of the Northeast Region of Fusion Academy. That interaction, whether it’s playing video games with friends online, or FaceTiming, is better than no interaction. "In this day and age where they can’t naturally go outside and engage with kids in the neighborhood, we don’t want to discourage them from having that social peer interaction which we know is so critically important," said Walsh-Rurak. Stoddard says the extra time on the screens, isn’t all bad. It can actually be beneficial to an extent."The brain gets better at doing what it does so, when we’re interacting with screens all of our visual and screen areas are getting better. If you’re gaming, maybe some of those special attention and those reward areas get more sensitive, if we’re doing social media we’re going to be highly attuned to what does that ‘like mean, what does it not mean’. The brain just gets better at what it does," said Stoddard. However, it’s important to think about what else the kid could be doing instead of playing on the screen. "We do know that video games can suck kiddos in so they’re not actually having normative typical social interactions. They might gain weight, for example, and have disrupted sleep. And those have that sort of knock-on effects," said Stoddard. "I think proactively before it gets to that point, ensuring that kids have time built into their day where they plan to be outside maybe walking the dog, engaging with a family member in a conversation, reading a book. Doing something that very intentionally takes them away from that screen," said Walsh-Rurak. 3102

JACKSON, MO. — A rescued puppy is attracting a lot of attention because of his cute resemblance to a unicorn.The nearly 10-week-old puppy, named Narwhal, has a tail-like appendage growing from his forehead.Narwhal was rescued over the weekend and sent to Mac's Mission in Jackson, which specializes in fostering animals with special needs.Mac's Mission founder Rochelle Steffen says Narwhal doesn't notice the extra tail and is otherwise a happy, healthy puppy.Although it looks like a tail, Narwhal cannot wag it. Steffen says the rescue group has been flooded with requests from people wanting to adopt Narwhal since his picture hit social media.But he'll remain at Mac's Mission so his caretakers can be sure the tail doesn't grow out of proportion to his face and cause him problems. 799

LANSING, Mich. — Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson's office is working to add a third gender option on Michigan licenses.The possibility to add a non-binary option might be complete by 2021, according to 216

KINGFISHER, Okla. – An Oklahoma high school student with cerebral palsy surprised his classmates when he walked across the stage at his graduation. Diagnosed with the condition shortly after birth, Hunter Wittrock has been confined to a wheelchair his entire life, but he wanted to push himself and make the most out of his moment in front of the crowd at Kingfisher High School. Wittrock’s father, Jeff, 417

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