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SAN DIEGO (AP) — As thousands of migrants in a caravan of Central American asylum-seekers converge on the doorstep of the United States, what they won't find are armed American soldiers standing guard.Instead, they will see cranes installing towering panels of metal bars and troops wrapping concertina wire around barriers while military helicopters fly overhead, carrying border patrol agents to and from locations along the U.S.-Mexico border.That's because U.S. military troops are prohibited from carrying out law enforcement duties.RELATED: Migrant caravan groups arrive by hundreds at US borderWhat's more, the bulk of the troops are in Texas — hundreds of miles away from the caravan that started arriving this week in Tijuana on Mexico's border with California after walking and hitching rides for the past month.Still, for many migrants, the barriers and barbed wire were an imposing show of force.Angel Ulloa stood on Tijuana's beach where a wall of metal bars more than 20 feet high cut across the sand and plunged into the Pacific. He watched as crews on the U.S. side placed coils of barbed wire on top.A border patrol agent wearing camouflage and armed with an assault rifle — part of a tactical unit deployed when there is a heightened threat — walked in the sand below where the men worked. A small border patrol boat hovered offshore.RELATED:  CBP commissioner nearly clobbered with rock at while touring Friendship Park border"It's too much security to confront humble people who just want to work," said Ulloa, a 23-year-old electrician from Choloma, Honduras, who joined the caravan to try to make his first trip to the U.S.Now, he and his two friends were rethinking their plans. They tried to apply for a job at a Wal-Mart in Tijuana but were told they need a Mexican work permit. So they were considering seeking asylum in Mexico but were unsure of giving up their dream of earning dollars."We're still checking things out," he said.On Friday, people walking through one of the world's busiest border crossings into Mexico passed by a pair of Marines on a 20-foot lift installing razor wire above a turnstile.RELATED: Photos: Aerials of U.S.-Mexico border fenceNearby Army Sgt. Eric Zeigler stood guard with another soldier. Both were military police officers assigned to protecting the Marines as they work.The 24-year-old soldier from Pittsburgh spent nine months in Afghanistan. "It's very different over there, obviously. It's a lot more dangerous," Zeigler said.He said he was surprised when got his deployment orders sending him to the U.S.-Mexico border."But I'm happy to go where I'm needed" he added as a man walked by carrying shopping bags headed to Tijuana.The U.S. military has deployed 5,800 active-duty troops to the U.S.-Mexico border.RELATED: Video?shows people climbing on top of border fence near Friendship ParkSo far, more are not expected, despite President Donald Trump's initial assessment that 10,000 to 15,000 were needed to secure the border against what he has called an "invasion" of migrants. Most in the caravan of several thousand are families, including hundreds of children.Another 2,100 National Guard troops are have also been deployed since April as part of a separate mission. Like the military troops, they are not allowed to detain illegal crossers. Instead, they have been monitoring cameras and helping to erect barriers.Of the 5,800 soldiers and Marines, more than 2,800 are in Texas, while about 1,500 are in Arizona and another 1,300 are in California. All U.S. military branches, except the Coast Guard, are barred from performing law enforcement duties.That means there will be no visible show of armed troops, said Army Maj. Scott McCullough, adding that the mission is to provide support to Customs and Border Protection."Soldiers putting up wire on the border and barriers at the ports of entry will be the most visible," he said.Marines and soldiers share the same duties in California and Arizona. These include erecting tents, setting up showers and arranging meals for troops working on the border, and assigning military police to protect them.There are no tents or camps being set up to house migrants, McCullough said. Medics are on hand to treat troops and border patrol agents — not migrants — for cuts, bruises and any other problems.Combat engineers — whose duties on the battlefield include setting up tactical obstacles to prevent the enemy from moving freely — are using their expertise to string wire on border walls and erect temporary fencing, McCullough said.Construction engineers have been assigned to weld together barriers and move shipping containers to act as walls.In Laredo, Texas, about 100 soldiers have been installing three layers of razor wire along the Rio Grande, working on the banks during the day and on the bridges at night to minimize the disruption to cross-border traffic.The current mission is scheduled to end Dec. 15 for now. It's unclear how much it will cost and military leaders have refused to provide an estimate.Critics have questioned the wisdom of using the military on the border where there is no discernible security threat. Since the Nov. 6 elections, Trump has said little about the matter and no border threat has materialized.Some border communities fear the barricades will scare off Mexican shoppers. The city council in Nogales, Arizona, slashed a proposed bonus for all employees in half over concerns about how the military's presence would affect its sales tax revenue after the military closed off two lanes at its border crossing.Defense Secretary Jim Mattis defended the deployment during a visit to the Texas border this week, asserting that in some ways it provides good training for war.Suyapa Reyes, 35, said she was puzzled as to why she would be seen as a threat. Reyes, her mother, 12-year-old daughter and 16-year-old son left Honduras with the caravan on Oct. 13, fleeing violence and poverty in her hometown of Olanchito de Oro.She does not want to return after coming such a long way but if she cannot get asylum and the border looks too dangerous to cross, she said she'll have no other choice."I'm not going to risk my life or safety nor that of my children," she said. 6241

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A collective of conservation organizations filed lawsuits Thursday against San Diego County and its board of supervisors for approving a controversial housing development in the Otay Ranch community, with the groups claiming that the development endangers wildlife and the development's future residents. The project known as Adara was approved last month with a 3-2 vote and involves construction of more than 1,000 homes and a commercial village core, along with an elementary school, fire station, sheriff's office, trails, electric vehicle charging stations, solar panels and more than 700 acres of open space and parks. Environmental groups contend that its location, between the city of Chula Vista and rural community Jamul, is home to several endangered and protected plant and animal species and is at exceptional risk for wildfires. Plaintiffs include the Center for Biological Diversity, Preserve Wild Santee, the California Chaparral Institute, Endangered Habitats League, California Native Plant Society and the Sierra Club. ``Building houses in this fire-prone place will put people at risk, and it'll wreak havoc on golden eagles and other wildlife,'' said Peter Broderick, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity. ``By approving this sprawl project, officials have put both homeowners and wildlife in danger. They've dealt a big setback to sustainable development in San Diego County.'' In their complaint, the plaintiffs referenced county data identifying ``22 special-status plants and 28 special-status wildlife species'' on the project site. They also allege that the area is especially prone to wildfires, which was noted by Supervisor Dianne Jacob in her dissenting vote on the project. The complaint states the area ``has burned at least 17 times in the last 100 years'' and is ``at serious risk for fast-moving, wind-driven fires.'' The site's steep terrain would make suppressing fires difficult, and homeowners would only have one evacuation route available, according to the plaintiffs. Peter Andersen, chair of the Sierra Club's San Diego Chapter, called the project ``a fire trap that endangers all East County residents, contributes to severe traffic jams and destroys multiple species' habitat,'' while Richard Halsey of the California Chaparral Institute said ``History has shown that during a wind-driven wildfire, developments like this one in a known fire corridor can and have been destroyed by embers flying a mile or more ahead of the flame front. The claim that a development like this is fire safe ignores everything we have learned during the destructive 2017 and 2018 firestorms.'' 2662

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A collective of conservation organizations filed lawsuits Thursday against San Diego County and its board of supervisors for approving a controversial housing development in the Otay Ranch community, with the groups claiming that the development endangers wildlife and the development's future residents. The project known as Adara was approved last month with a 3-2 vote and involves construction of more than 1,000 homes and a commercial village core, along with an elementary school, fire station, sheriff's office, trails, electric vehicle charging stations, solar panels and more than 700 acres of open space and parks. Environmental groups contend that its location, between the city of Chula Vista and rural community Jamul, is home to several endangered and protected plant and animal species and is at exceptional risk for wildfires. Plaintiffs include the Center for Biological Diversity, Preserve Wild Santee, the California Chaparral Institute, Endangered Habitats League, California Native Plant Society and the Sierra Club. ``Building houses in this fire-prone place will put people at risk, and it'll wreak havoc on golden eagles and other wildlife,'' said Peter Broderick, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity. ``By approving this sprawl project, officials have put both homeowners and wildlife in danger. They've dealt a big setback to sustainable development in San Diego County.'' In their complaint, the plaintiffs referenced county data identifying ``22 special-status plants and 28 special-status wildlife species'' on the project site. They also allege that the area is especially prone to wildfires, which was noted by Supervisor Dianne Jacob in her dissenting vote on the project. The complaint states the area ``has burned at least 17 times in the last 100 years'' and is ``at serious risk for fast-moving, wind-driven fires.'' The site's steep terrain would make suppressing fires difficult, and homeowners would only have one evacuation route available, according to the plaintiffs. Peter Andersen, chair of the Sierra Club's San Diego Chapter, called the project ``a fire trap that endangers all East County residents, contributes to severe traffic jams and destroys multiple species' habitat,'' while Richard Halsey of the California Chaparral Institute said ``History has shown that during a wind-driven wildfire, developments like this one in a known fire corridor can and have been destroyed by embers flying a mile or more ahead of the flame front. The claim that a development like this is fire safe ignores everything we have learned during the destructive 2017 and 2018 firestorms.'' 2662

SAN DIEGO (AP) — The San Diego Padres are bringing some serious swagger and talent to their first postseason appearance in 14 years, against their old nemesis, the St. Louis Cardinals.Led by 21-year-old Fernando Tatis Jr., Manny Machado and Wil Myers, the Padres will host the St. Louis Cardinals in Game 1 of a best of three wild-card series on Wednesday.First pitch is set for 2:08 p.m., and the game will air on ESPN2.Says Tatis: "Man, we're good."The star shortstop was only 8 years old when the Friars last made the postseason in 2006. That season, San Diego won the National League West Division and faced the Cardinals in the Division Series.The Cards beat the Padres 3-1, and they eventually took home the World Series championship by defeating the Detroit Tigers.St. Louis will start left-hander Kwang Hyun Kim (3-0, 1.62 ERA), who pitched at Petco Park for Korea in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.San Diego will counter with right-hander Chris Paddack (4-5, 4.73), who has had a seesaw season.Numbers to know heading into the series:St. Louis Cardinals (30-28, second in the NL Central) vs. San Diego Padres (37-23, second in the NL West)The Padres are 21-11 on their home turf; the Cardinals have gone 16-15 away from home.REGULAR SEASON TOP PERFORMERS: Wil Myers leads the Padres with 31 extra base hits and is batting .288; Tyler O'Neill leads the Cardinals with seven home runs and has 19 RBIs.LAST 10 GAMES: Padres: 5-5, .215 batting average, 3.87 ERA, outscored opponents by three runs; Cardinals: 6-4, .209 batting average, 3.43 ERA, outscored opponents by two runs. 1592

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (KGTV) — California State University's Board of Trustees voted Wednesday to make ethnic studies a graduation requirement.The vote will modify the university's general education requirements to include a course addressing ethnic studies and social justice, according to the college system. The one-course requirement will be implemented in the 2023-24 school year to allow time for faculty to develop plans and coursework."Our goal is for CSU students, from every major and in every workplace, to be leaders in creating a more just and equitable society," said CSU Chancellor Timothy White. "This action, by the CSU and for the CSU, lifts Ethnic Studies to a place of prominence in our curriculum, connects it with the voices and perspectives of other historically oppressed groups, and advances the field by applying the lens of social justice. It will empower our students to meet this moment in our nation’s history, giving them the knowledge, broad perspectives and skills needed to solve society’s most pressing problems. And it will further strengthen the value of a CSU degree."RELATED: Report: Enrollment demand does not warrant Chula Vista CSU campusThe change is the first significant modification to the system's GE requirements in 40 years, amid a nationwide focus at police reform and racial justice.CSU says the requirement can be fulfilled through course offerings that "address historical, current and emerging ethnic studies and social justice issues.""CSU courses on Africana literature, Native Californian perspectives, police reform, disparities in public health and the economics of racism, to name just a few, would meet the new requirement," the university adds, in addition to its traditional ethnic studies curriculum. 1769

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