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Smoke masks. Eye drops. No outdoor exercise. This is how Californians are trying to cope with wildfires choking the state, but experts say an increase in serious health problems may be almost inevitable for vulnerable residents as the disasters become more commonplace.Research suggests children, the elderly and those with existing health problems are most at risk.Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke can worsen existing asthma and lung disease, leading to emergency room treatment or hospitalization, studies have shown.Increases in doctor visits or hospital treatment for respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia in otherwise healthy people also have been found during and after wildfires.RELATED: Missing-persons list tops 600 in Camp FireSome studies also have found increases in ER visits for heart attacks and strokes in people with existing heart disease on heavy smoke days during previous California wildfires, echoing research on potential risks from urban air pollution.For most healthy people, exposure to wildfire smoke is just an annoyance, causing burning eyes, scratchy throats or chest discomfort that all disappear when the smoke clears.But doctors, scientists and public health officials are concerned that the changing face of wildfires will pose a much broader health hazard."Wildfire season used to be June to late September. Now it seems to be happening all year round. We need to be adapting to that," Dr. Wayne Cascio, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cardiologist, said this week.In an overview published earlier this year, Cascio wrote that the increasing frequency of large wildland fires, urban expansion into wooded areas and an aging population are all increasing the number of people at risk for health problems from fires.Wood smoke contains some of the same toxic chemicals as urban air pollution, along with tiny particles of vapor and soot 30 times thinner than a human hair. These can infiltrate the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation and blood vessel damage even in healthy people, research on urban air pollution has shown. Studies have linked heart attacks and cancer with long-term exposure to air pollution.Whether exposure to wildfire smoke carries the same risks is uncertain, and determining harm from smog versus wildfire smoke can be tricky, especially with wind-swept California wildfires spreading thick smoke hundreds of miles away into smoggy big cities."That is the big question," said Dr. John Balmes, a University of California, San Francisco, professor of medicine who studies air pollution."Very little is known about the long-term effects of wildfire smoke because it's hard to study populations years after a wildfire," Balmes said.Decreased lung function has been found in healthy firefighters during fire season. They tend to recover but federal legislation signed this year will establish a U.S. registry tracking firefighters and potential risks for various cancers, including lung cancer. Some previous studies suggested a risk.Balmes noted that increased lung cancer rates have been found in women in developing countries who spend every day cooking over wood fires.That kind of extreme exposure doesn't typically happen with wildfires, but experts worry about the kinds of health damage that may emerge for firefighters and residents with these blazes occurring so often.Whether that includes more cancer is unknown. "We're concerned about that," Balmes said.Regular folks breathing in all that smoke worry about the risks too.Smoke from the fire that decimated the Northern California city of Paradise darkened skies this week in San Francisco, nearly 200 miles southwest, and the air smelled "like you were camping," said Michael Northover, a contractor.He and his 14-year-old son have first-time sinus infections that Northover blames on the smoke."We're all kind of feeling it," Northover said.The smoke was so thick in San Francisco, the skyline was barely visible from across the Bay. The city's iconic open-air cable cars that are popular with tourists were pulled off the streets Thursday because of the bad air.An Environmental Protection Agency website said air quality in Sacramento was "hazardous" Thursday and San Francisco's was "very unhealthy." Many people walking around the cities wore face masks.Most schools in San Francisco, Sacramento, Oakland and Folsom said they would be closed Friday. At least six universities in Northern California canceled classes Thursday.At Chico State University, 11 miles (18 kilometers) from Paradise, ash fell this week and classes were canceled until after Thanksgiving."It's kind of freaky to see your whole town wearing air masks and trying to get out of smoke," said freshman Mason West, 18. "You can see the particles. Obviously, it's probably not good to be breathing that stuff in."West returned home this week to Santa Rosa, hard hit by last year's wine country fires, only to find it shrouded in smoke from the Paradise fire 100 miles (160 kilometers) away. West's family had to evacuate last year for a week, but their home was spared."It's as bad here as it was in Chico," West said. "It almost feels like you just can't get away from it."Smoke has been so thick in Santa Rosa that researchers postponed a door-to-door survey there for a study of health effects of last year's fire."We didn't feel we could justify our volunteer interns going knocking on doors when all the air quality alerts were saying stay indoors," said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, a public health researcher at the University of California, Davis. The study includes an online survey of households affected by last year's fire, with responses from about 6,000 people so far.Preliminary data show widespread respiratory problems, eye irritations, anxiety, depression and sleep problems around the time of the fire and months later."Conventional thinking is that these effects related to fires are transient. It's not entirely clear that's the case," Hertz-Picciotto said.Researchers also will be analyzing cord blood and placentas collected from a few dozen women who were pregnant during the fire, seeking evidence of stress markers or exposure to smoke chemicals.They hope to continue the study for years, seeking evidence of long-term physical and emotional harms to fire evacuees and their children.Other studies have linked emotional stress in pregnant women to developmental problems in their children and "this was quite a stress," Hertz-Picciotto said.It's a kind of stress that many people need to prepare for as the climate warms and wildfires proliferate, she said."Any of us could wake up tomorrow and lose everything we own," she said. "It's pretty scary."___Follow AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner at https://twitter.com/LindseyTanner . Her work can be found here .___The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives supportfrom the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 7036

SPRING VALLEY, Calif. (KGTV) - Despite Governor Gavin Newsom's orders, students at a private school in Spring Valley are scheduled to return to class in a few weeks.When Heartland Christian Homeschool Center begins its school year on Sept. 1, it will include in-school learning. Classified as a private school, the pre-kindergarten-to-12th grade school combines homeschooling with several days of in-person instruction every week.The plans come despite the governor’s orders banning in-school classes for counties still on the watch list. Right now, San Diego County remains on that list.Principal Lynda Hansen told ABC 10news, it's "important" for kids to be back in class, adding her school is "following all CDC guidelines."The state is allowing elementary schools to apply for waivers to the COVID-19 orders. Hansen says she'll apply for the waiver, but it likely won't affect her decision to open.The school’s COVID-19 section does list its precautions, including stepped-up disinfecting, encouraging social distancing, and masks for staff when close to students. Masks will not be mandatory for students.The mask issue is a point of concern for students at another private school with similar plans. Last week, ABC 10News reported on Foothills Christian Middle School in El Cajon.A letter sent to parents spelled out reopening plans in September, including masks being optional. That led to frustration for parents who emailed ABC 10News. The school cited a lack of evidence that masks prevent COVID-19 transmission in children.A county spokesperson says the have several tools for private schools out of compliance, beginning with education and on-site visits. Other options citations, cease-and-desist orders, and closure orders.Heartland Christian Homeschool Center issued the following statement: "Heartland Christian Homeschool Center Inc. is fully committed to complying with every lawful requirement of federal, state, and local government. Also, Heartland is an alternative educational choice. It is our aim to provide support, enrichment, and records for homeschooling families. Unlike traditional schools, our students are not on campus full-time. Our expectation is that San Diego County will be off the Governor's watch list by the fall. We are planning accordingly, following the CDC guidelines for schools. Our parents have been overwhelmingly supportive ..." 2387

SPRING VALLEY, Calif. (KGTV) - Seventeen homes in Spring Valley were without water Friday night, after a water main break.The homes were mostly along Rothgard Road, according to officials with the Helix Water District.An 8-inch water main broke near Harmony Lane and Cristobal Drive around 3:30 p.m. Crews turned off the water before 4 p.m. to begin repairs.There was a water truck brought out for families impacted by the water shut off.Crews expect to have repairs completed, and the water turned on again by the Saturday morning. 540

Special counsel Robert Mueller has requested documents and information covering a range of events from President Donald Trump's White House, including two firings and an Oval Office meeting, sources familiar with the matter tell CNN.Mueller's investigators are looking for documents and emails relating to the dismissals of national security adviser Michael Flynn and FBI director James Comey, according to the sources. In addition, one source confirms that Mueller's team wants information connected to the Oval Office meeting Trump had with Russian officials in which he bragged about firing Comey, saying it eased pressure on his White House. 653

Some nonprofits are trying not to lose sight of their mission during these times.Last year, social justice music echoed off the walls of classrooms. It was part of the work done by Motivate and Encourage Music Appreciation (MeMa Music), an arts-integrated social justice education group that aims to empower youth in underserved communities to use their voices to advocate for social justice and change. They help build students’ understanding of how artists have crafted messages of social change that encouraged speaking out.But the founder, Jeanne Warsaw, has run into an artist block this year with the pandemic. Although virtual learning has become more commonplace, it’s not that easy for the arts.“It’s very difficult, especially for the arts non-profit that specifically teaches instruments or sculpture or paintings,” Warsaw said. “It’s hard to transfer to remote learning.”Warsaw says many school districts aren’t hiring groups like theirs because they’re focused on implementing their curriculum. MeMa is not the only non-profit impacted.The Arts Education Partnership is a network of more than 100 organizations dedicated to advancing arts education. It conducted a survey this summer that showed that out of 16 arts education organizations across the country, 25 percent did not yet have a plan to reopen. 1326