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WASHINGTON, March 4 (Xinhua) -- New data suggest that the epilepsy drug Topamax (topiramate) and its generic versions increase the risk for the birth defects cleft lip and cleft palate in babies born to women who use the medication during pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday in a statement.Before prescribing topiramate, approved to treat certain types of seizures in people who have epilepsy, health care professionals should warn patients of childbearing age about the potential hazard to the fetus if a woman becomes pregnant while using the drug, the FDA said.Topiramate also is approved to prevent migraine headaches, but not to relieve the pain of migraines."Health care professionals should carefully consider the benefits and risks of topiramate when prescribing it to women of childbearing age," said Russell Katz, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Alternative medications that have a lower risk of birth defects should be considered."Cleft lip and cleft palate, collectively called oral clefts, are birth defects that occur when parts of the lip or palate do not completely fuse together early in the first trimester of pregnancy, a time when many women do not know they are pregnant.The defects range from a small notch in the lip to a groove that runs into the roof of the mouth and nose, possibly leading to problems with eating, talking, and to ear infections. Surgery often is performed to close the lip and palate and most children do well after treatment.Data from the North American Antiepileptic Drug (AED) Pregnancy Registry indicate an increased risk of oral clefts in infants exposed to topiramate during the first trimester of pregnancy. Infants exposed to topiramate as a single therapy experienced a 1.4 percent prevalence of oral clefts, compared with a prevalence of 0.38 percent - 0.55 percent in infants exposed to other antiepileptic drugs.Infants of mothers who did not have epilepsy and were not being treated with other antiepileptic drugs had a prevalence of 0.07 percent. Similar data from the United Kingdom Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register supported the North American AED Pregnancy Registry data.According to the FDA, before starting topiramate, pregnant women and women of childbearing potential should discuss other treatment options with their health care professional.
PANAMA CITY, April 17 (Xinhua) -- In Latin America there are 600,000 people infected with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and about 50 percent of them receive treatment, regional director of UNAIDS for Latin America Cesar Nunez said on Sunday."We have to work a lot for the other half get treatment," Nunez told Xinhua during the 124th Assembly of the Inter-parliamentarian Assembly hosted in Panama City from April 15 to 20.Nunez urged the governments of the region to redouble efforts to control this pandemic, by improving the prevention campaigns to stop new infections."The availability of the medicines has grown in the last 10 years and the countries have taken this commitment, however, the number of infections each time is bigger than the number of people we can treat," he said.According to Nunez, despite the increase of new infections among women, the men sector continue being one of the most affected social groups by this virus."In Latin America we have an epidemic where the most affected are men, followed by homosexuals, lesbians and sex workers," he said.Nunez said that during the meeting with the parliamentarians, they exchanged experiences to contribute to improve the management of this disease."We have met with parliamentarians who have voted for more budget to buy more medicines, in favor of laws for more education about this topic and participation in the exchange of information to know about the advances and backwards of the fight against Aids," he said.Some 800 parliamentarians from 125 countries attended the 124th Assembly to debate the recent events in the Arab world, the disaster in Japan and sustainable development.

CANBERRA, April 1 (Xinhua) -- People who share bongs to smoke marijuana may be at risk of contracting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) , Australian medical researchers warned on Friday.Dr Michael Hayes and Dr Susan Miles from Calvary Mater Hospital in Newcastle of Australia conducted the research, which centered on three recent TB cases in New South Wales.TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be contracted by breathing in air droplets coughed from an infected person.The research suggested a link between active TB cases and shared bongs, which is the water pipes commonly used in marijuana smoking.According to Dr Hayes, the three young patients were regular or heavy cannabis users, and more recently there has been a fourth person in the region with similar characteristics had been diagnosed with TB.He said although the three initial cases were not related, there was concern about the high rate of positive contacts among people who had shared bongs with the active cases."Smoking marijuana is a cough-provoking activity and it is usually conducted in a confined environment that is conducive to the spread of the organism," he told Australia Associated Press.
BEIJING, Feb. 12 (Xinhua) -- China said late Saturday that members of the United Nations should work for a broadly-based consensus on the reform of the UN Security Council.Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu made the remarks in response to a relevant question.Media reports had it that a recently-released declaration by some countries said most of UN member nations supported enlarging the council with new permanent and non-permanent members, and insisted tangible results be achieved in this regard during the Current Session of the UN General Assembly.Ma said China held that UN member nations should seek for a package of solutions for the reform, on the basis of broad and democratic consultation among member nations to accommodate interests and concerns of all parties.He said though some positive progress had been made since inter-government negotiations regarding the reform of the UN Security Council were launched, there were still serious differences within all parties over certain important issues about the reform.China advocated that the more differences the member countries had on the reform, the more necessary for UN member nations to enhance dialogue and consultation, he said."Experience has proven that presetting results for the reform or forcing premature reform plans will not only undermine the unity of UN member nations, but also harm the reform process, which will not be in line with any party's interests," he said.China is ready to maintain contact with all relevant parties, and make joint efforts with other member nations to push forward the reform in a way which can be conducive to safeguarding the overall interests of UN and the unity of the member nations, said Ma.
BEIJING, Feb.9 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, the nation's cabinet, pledged Wednesday to step up efforts to boost grain production as relentless droughts continue to wreak havoc in north China's wheat growing regions.To encourage farmers to plant more and increase production, China will increase minimum purchase prices for grain produced in 2011 by up to 21.9 percent from that in 2010, according to a statement released after a State Council executive meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.The purchasing prices for japonica rice will rise 21.9 percent to 128 yuan (19.4 U.S. dollars) per 50 kilograms this year, while prices for early and middle-late indica rice will increase 9.7 percent and 10.3 percent to 102 yuan and 107 yuan per 50 kilograms respectively.Further, the central government will allocate 1.2 billion yuan to subsidize the purchase of anti-drought technologies for winter wheat-growing regions.According to the statement, the government has already allocated 4 billion yuan for rural water conservation projects and another 2 billion yuan will be allocated for farm irrigation systems and safe drinking water projects.The government had also pledged to fund 2,000 professional groups in insect-prevention in the worst-hit counties, the statement said.China's main wheat-growing regions, including Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangsu provinces, have been plagued by ongoing droughts since last year.
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