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LOS ANGELES, May 15 (Xinhua) -- Using a simple, minimally- invasive technique to analyze cells from the interior of the nose, U.S. researchers have detected lung cancer in its earliest stage.For the study, the researchers at the Boston University Medical Center collected nasal epithelial cells from thirty three smokers who were undergoing medically-indicated bronchoscopies for suspicion of lung cancer, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.Of these patients, 11 were found to have benign disease and 22 had lung cancer. Brushings were taken from the right or left nostril and profiled on microarrays, a process that allows researchers to study gene expression changes.The researchers identified 170 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with and without lung cancer. They also found that genes linked to colon cancer and adenocarcinoma, as well as genes that trigger cell division and blood vessel growth, were expressed more heavily in patients with cancer. Genes involved in tumor suppression were also expressed at lower levels in these patients.Earlier studies have used gene expression differences in the bronchial airways to identify lung cancer in its early stages. The researchers relied on those results to design the current study."In this study we used the same principle as we used in our earlier studies of bronchial tissue, only this time, those methods were used to study nasal cells," said study author Christina Anderlind, MD, Instructor of Medicine. "Our hypothesis was that the upper airway epithelium of smokers with lung cancer displays a cancer-specific gene expression pattern, and that this airway nasal gene expression signature reflects the changes that occur in lung tissue."

LOS ANGELES, May 29 (Xinhua) -- Nineteen percent of

BEIJING, March 17 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study has shown that gene therapy can reduce symptoms in patients with Parkinson's, media reports said Thursday.The study, published in the journal Lancet Neurology, is the first to show positive results in a test of gene therapy against a sham operation in 45 U.S. Parkinson's patients.The treated group showed a 23.1 percent improvement on a scale of Parkinson's symptoms six months after treatment, compared to a 12.7 percent improvement for patients who received sham surgery, according to the published research."Gene therapy is no longer just a theory," said Michael Kaplitt, a neurosurgeon at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical Center, and one of the study authors. "We are getting much closer to a reality where this treatment can be offered to patients."In patients with Parkinson's disease, their brains get overactive after losing the normal supply of a chemical called GABA. The new treatment, gene therapy, works by inserting billions of copies of a gene into patients' brains that helps them produce more GABA.Kaplitt said the results might spur similar treatments for other brain disorders like Alzheimer's, epilepsy and depression.

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's drought control authorities announced Thursday that hours of snowfall and irrigation have eased to some extent the severe drought in parts of the nation.Rapid spreading of the dry spell in the country's winter wheat producing regions has been curbed by wide-spread snowfall in the areas along the Yangtze, Huaihe and Yellow rivers and in the country's northern part on Wednesday and Thursday, the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said in a statement on its website.Drought-hit areas in Henan and Anhui, which are two major wheat-producing provinces, were reduced by 6.3 million mu (420,000 hectares) and 4.1 million mu, respectively, from Wednesday, the statement said. The agency added that irrigation also contributed to easing the effects of the drought.The statement said that as of Thursday, eight drought-hit provinces had irrigated 143 million mu of drought-affected wheat producing areas, which accounts for 52 percent of the combined winter wheat producing areas in the provinces. The eight provinces include the territories of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangsu.As of 3 p.m. Thursday, the drought had affected 101.28 million mu of crops nationwide and left 2.81 million people and 2.57 million heads of livestock short of drinking water, said the statement.Cloud seeding on Wednesday and Thursday during a recent cold front, also helped alleviate drought in some regions, according to a report posted on the website of the China Meteorological Administration on Thursday.The report also said that the artificial precipitation had mitigated the shortage of moisture in the soil in parts of Henan and Anhui. The situation is expected to improve as the rain and snow continues.However, experts urged more measures from local governments to ensure winter wheat production since the current precipitation is not adequate to "completely ease the drought", the report said.

SAN FRANCISCO, March 21 (Xinhua) -- Microsoft on Monday sued Barnes & Noble, claiming patent infringement by the largest book retailer in the United States.Microsoft said it filed legal actions on Monday in both the U.S. International Trade Commission and the U.S. District Court of the Western District of Washington against Barnes & Noble, as well as Foxconn and Inventec, two manufacturers of Barnes & Noble's devices.According to Microsoft, the actions focus on the patent infringement by Barnes & Noble's Nook e-reader and tablet, both of which run Google's Android operating system.The patents at issue cover a range of functionality embodied in Android devices that are essential to the user experience, including natural ways of interacting with devices by tabbing through various screens to find the information they need, surfing the Web more quickly and interacting with documents and e-books, Microsoft said in a press release."The Android platform infringes a number of Microsoft's patents, and companies manufacturing and shipping Android devices must respect our intellectual property rights," Horacio Gutierrez, Microsoft's corporate vice president and deputy general counsel, was quoted by the press release as saying.Writing in a separate company blog post, Gutierrez said that the latest actions bring to 25 the total number of Microsoft patents in litigation for infringement by Android smartphones, tablets and other devices.He noted that Microsoft has established a licensing program to address Android's ongoing infringement, and leading Android smartphone manufacturer HTC has taken a license under this program.Amazon.com also signed a patent license with Microsoft last year covering its Kindle e-reader, he added."Unfortunately, after more than a year of discussions, Barnes & Noble, Foxconn and Inventec have so far been unwilling to sign a license, and therefore, we have no other choice but to bring legal action to defend our innovations," Gutierrez said in the blog post.