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CHANGSHA -- China will spend 16.5 billion yuan to protect and restore its wetlands during the 11th five-year-plan period (2006-2010). Addressing a recent forum on the Yangtze River held in Changsha, the capital of Central China's Hunan Province, Zhu Lieke, deputy head of the State Forestry Administration, said China has made an inventory of 173 wetlands, most of which are in northeast China and the Yangtze River Valley. Thirty of the country's wetlands are listed in the international wetland catalogue, and one third of them are situated along the Yangtze. "Phenomena such as the rapid drop in the number of lakes and fast shrinkage in lake area got worse as China's economy tears through resources," said Zhu, who warned that wetlands in the Yangtze River Valley face uNPRecedented ecological threats. "The problems that plague wetlands in the Yangtze River Valley include pollution, ecological degradation and dwindling water resources," said Zhu. "The protection of our wetlands is urgent." The 6,300-km-long Yangtze, the country's longest, originates in the Tanggula Range on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and passes through Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai before emptying into the East China Sea. Wetlands in the Yangtze River Valley include salty plateau lakes and plateau marshlands, the galaxy of lakes on the middle reaches of the Yangtze, and the coastal wetland near Chongming Island at the estuary of the river. Dongting Lake, which flows into the Yangtze River and also serves as an important wetland, for instance, is shockingly polluted. Marine life has been decimated and people are catching a disease called schistosomiasis -- caught by swimming or wading in water where there are parasitic worms. The water area of Dongting Lake has shrunk from 4,350 sq km in 1949 to present 2,625 sq km as a result of silting and land reclamation for farming. According to Zhu, the country has already launched three programs to protect the wetlands in the Yangtze River Valley, including the national program for conservation of wildlife, plants and nature reserves, and the program to protect the Sanjiangyuan wetland in Qinghai Province. But much remains to be done.

At the end of a dusty narrow path cutting through a stretch of cornfields on the outskirts of Qingyang, an obscure town in Henan Province, looms a 3-hectare ground dotted with green tents, armored cars and bulldozers. Over the past three months, 315 Chinese engineering troops have gone through the rigors of tough day-night training here. And in a month from now, they will travel more than 8,000 km to Darfur in Sudan to be part of a special UN peacekeeping mission.Commander of UN Mission in Sudan Lieutenant General Jasbir Singh Lidder (L) hands over Unit Citations to Chinese peacekeepers for their excellent performance at the base of the Chinese peacekeeping troops on September 12, 2007. [Xinhua]The first international group of peacekeepers to be deployed in Darfur will build barracks, roads and bridges, and dig wells, which form the key to the accession of more UN peacekeepers to the region. The drills the engineering troops, with the UN's blue berets, perform in front a group of reporters from home and abroad show what they are capable of. In about 10 minutes, bulldozers and road-rollers smoothen a potholed path and soldiers use bare hands to move a 40-meter stretch of steel bridge into place over a ditch. In less than that time, another squad builds a cabin with prefabricated aluminum walls and a "UN" symbol on its side. On show, too, are impressive wrestling and battlefield aid performances."The engineering unit is manned by sturdy, versatile soldiers, mainly from the Jinan Military Area," says Lieutenant Colonel Dai Shaoan, deputy director of the Ministry of National Defense's peacekeeping affairs office. "They have wide experience in building roads and bridges and are fully competent for the mission."The Chinese troops are part of the "Annan Plan", a three-phased approach proposed by former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan to end the Darfur crisis. The plan calls for deploying a joint UN-African Union (AU) peacekeeping force in the 500,000-square-km arid Darfur region, plagued by conflicts over limited resources. Their deployment has been made possible after a hard-won diplomatic tug-of-war.Dai says the UN invited China in April to dispatch a multi-functional engineering unit to Dafur. Four months later, the world body requested that the unit be dispatched in early October."We are doing the preparatory jobs in line with the prescribed timetable to guarantee smooth implementation of the peacekeeping operation," says engineering unit head Shangguan Linhong.The force comprises three engineering platoons, a platoon each of well-diggers and 40 guards, a small hospital unit, 145 vehicles including excavators, bulldozers, road-rollers, power generators and armored personnel carriers, Shangguan says. All the vehicles are "brand new" from domestic companies and have undergone strict tests in line with UN standards.Since its formation in mid-June, the engineering unit has attended intensive courses, from emergency aid to simulating heat in Darfur and from studying UN regulations to getting to know Sudanese culture. "Everyone in our unit can communicate in English to a certain extent," Shangguan says.The UN raised the alarm on Darfur in 2003, and began looking for a lasting resolution to the ethnic conflict. The Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) was signed in May 2006, thanks to intensive diplomatic and political efforts of the UN, AU and other partners. It took more than one year after that to persuade the Sudanese authorities to accept the UN-AU "hybrid" peacekeeping force.President Hu Jintao met with his Sudanese counterpart Omar al-Bashir in Beijing last November and in Khartoum in February, and asked him to be flexible in his stance over Darfur and ensure that humanitarian aid was distributed properly among the refugees. In March, when Sudan and the UN differed over the implementation of the Annan Plan, China sent a special envoy several times to Khartoum to persuade the government to accept the UN resolution."I think the Sudanese government heeded China's advice," China's special representative for Darfur Liu Guijin said at a press conference in early July. Sudan agreed in June to have the "hybrid" force in Darfur after intense diplomatic efforts of the UN and the international community. Besides, China offered million in humanitarian aid to Sudan, with the last installment leaving Tianjin last month.The latest situation in Darfur is a mixture of good and bad. The UN says the mortality rate in the region is now below the emergency level because of the massive humanitarian efforts of the last four years. Also, malnutrition has been halved from mid-2004, when the crisis reached its peak.But in June, the UN Environment Programme reported an "unprecedented" long-term climate change in northern Darfur, saying its impacts are closely linked to the conflict.This is a real challenge for the Chinese engineering troops, but they are not unnecessarily perturbed. In fact, they are ready to overcome all obstacles on the road to peace."The challenges ahead of our peacekeeping troops are obvious," says Dai. Poor living conditions, lack of proper infrastructure and complex security situations are the obvious challenges. "But our army has a glorious tradition of being hard-working, particularly combat-worthy and of playing a contributory role."Major Ma, an officer with the engineering troops, says Chinese soldiers see the UN peacekeeping operation as a glorious opportunity. "Implementing a mission so far from the country and being part of the efforts to maintain peace in the world is a unique experience."All the soldiers in the battalion which Ma used to serve in the Jinan Military Area had applied to be part of the engineering unit for Darfur, and they included 18-year-old recruits, he says, and they had the full support of their families.But is Ma worried about the dangers in Darfur? The major says: "What we think of most is how to do a nice job. Danger and difficulties are normal for servicemen."China's peacekeepers till nowSince dispatching five military observers to the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1990, China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has sent 8,095 military personnel to 17 UN peacekeeping missions. Altogether, 1,648 Chinese officers and soldiers are serving in 10 UN missions and the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations today.Lieutenant Colonel Dai Shaoan, deputy director of the Ministry of National Defense's peacekeeping affairs office, says China will participate only in those peacekeeping missions that are in line with the UN Charter, which means those operations overseen by the UN Security Council.China has contributed peacekeepers in the shape of engineers and medical and transport units. It has not sent any combat troops for peacekeeping operations.But Dai says China has a "positive" attitude towards sending combat troops for future UN peacekeeping operations.

Beijing is bulging as its population has exceeded 17 million, only 1 million to go to reach the ceiling the city government has set for 2020.The figure breaks down into 12.04 million holders of Beijing "hukou", or household registration certificates, and 5.1 million floating population, sources with the Ministry of Public Security said at Monday's workshop on the country's management of migrants.Beijing municipal government announced last year it would limit its population to 18 million by 2020.Overpopulation is putting considerable pressure on the city's natural resources and environment. And experts have warned the current population, 17 million calculated at the end of June, is already 3 million more than Beijing's resources can feed.Given this year's baby boom, triggered by the superstitious belief that babies born in the Chinese year of the pig are lucky, analysts say there is little hope for an immediate slowdown in Beijing's population growth, even with the post-Beijing Olympics lull and soaring housing prices that have driven some Beijingers to boom towns in the neighboring Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality.Migrants, especially surplus rural laborers who have taken up non-agricultural jobs in the city, have forcefully contributed to the population explosion in recent years.About 200 million migrants are working in cities across China.Last year, Ministry of Public Security proposed police authorities in the migrants' home province should send "resident police officers" to cities to help maintain public security at major migrant communities, many of which are slums that are prone to violence, robberies, drugs and gambling.Resident policemen are currently at work in three cities: Dongguan, a manufacturing center in Guangdong Province, Binzhou of the central Hunan Province and Guigang of the southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The ministry has also demanded all cities to complete a management information system of migrants' data by the end of 2009.

GUANGZHOU: Zhuhai in Guangdong Province and the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) are under threat from a serious saltwater tide that is likely to worsen over the next two months, the provincial water resource department said Thursday.The saltwater tide arrived in Zhuhai in the first half of November, earlier than the usual saltwater tide season from December to February.Last month, the city's main water source, Pinggang Water Pumping Station, was rendered incapable of pumping qualified fresh water for 171 hours. This seriously affected Zhuhai people's daily lives, and the impact extended throughout the Pearl River Delta.Currently, the whole city has stores of 25 million cu m of fresh water, 7 million cu m less than the same period last year.Director of the Guangdong provincial water resource department Huang Boqing said the department and other relevant organizations would do their best to control the saltwater tides and increase the amount of fresh water.Huang said construction of hydropower stations in the upper reaches of Xijiang and Beijang rivers - two tributaries of the Pearl River - should be slowed down, because they would block a large amount of fresh water and worsen saltwater tides in the river's lower reaches.Other provinces in the river's upper reaches diverted about 10 million cu m of fresh water to Zhuhai from November 20 to December 4.In addition, Zhuhai would complete a large reservoir by next October, and construction of another would begin next year and finish in 2010.However, many individuals are dredging river sands from the Pearl River Delta for profits, causing the riverbed to lower."The riverbed of Beijiang River is 30 percent lower than two decades ago," He Zhibo, a senior engineer of Zhujiang (Pearl River) water resource commission, told China Daily Thursday.The lowered riverbed cannot buffer saltwater tides. And if the river sand dredging continues, all government efforts to stem the tides would be wasted, he said.

Authorities were unable to accurately predict the recent weather conditions due to lack of equipment and an adequate forecast model, the national meteorological agency has said."We underestimated the duration and severity of the weather and failed to pre-evaluate its impact on transport and the power sector," China Meteorological Administration (CMA) spokeswoman Jiao Meiyan said.The CMA had forecast all five rain and snowstorms between Jan 10 and Feb 5 two to five days in advance. But it failed to alert the public to the extreme danger of the storms."One reason why the weather department could not make precise forecasts is because many of the places most affected were located in mountainous areas where meteorological monitors are in short supply," Duan Yihong, deputy director of the National Meteorological Center, said."Another major problem is that China's numerical weather forecasts still fall far behind world standards."Numerical weather forecasts, based on calculations by high-performance computers, are a core part of modern weather bulletins. China began to develop its own numerical forecast model less than a decade ago.There is a 10-year gap between the Chinese model and advanced foreign models, Duan said.The extreme weather also made it a huge challenge for Chinese meteorologists."It was increasingly difficult to forecast as low-probability extreme weather is occurring more frequently," Qiao Lin, chief weather forecaster of the Central Meteorological Station, said.To enhance the country's defense against extreme weather, China will begin to establish a monitoring and warning system, Jiao said.