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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Flames tore through a large commercial building in the Morena area Friday, causing extensive damage and sending a thick plume of smoke into the air near Mission Bay.The blaze in the 1200 block of Morena Boulevard erupted about 5:40 p.m., the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department reported.Police closed down the north-south street to through traffic while firefighters worked to subdue the intense flames.Crews were still working to get the blaze under control as of 6:30 p.m. and trying to get inside the two-story structure to check on a report there might be someone inside, according to SDFRD public affairs.There were no immediate reports of injuries. 677

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Confirmed flu cases in San Diego County are well behind the rate of confirmed cases during last year's flu season, according to county health officials.The county has confirmed 189 flu cases so far this flu season compared to 441 cases at this time last year. According to county public health officer Wilma Wooten, flu cases usually increase during the holidays due to increased traveling and large family gatherings."Holiday gatherings and celebrations bring people together in large groups raising the possibility of people getting sick and making others ill," Wooten said. "Get a flu shot before the flu starts to spread and so that you are protected during the holidays."The county's weekly influenza report found 33 lab-confirmed flu cases for the week of Nov. 4-10. Only one county resident has died due to flu complications this season, compared to three at this time last flu season. Flu complications killed 342 people in San Diego County last season, the highest total since the county began tracking flu deaths roughly 20 years ago.The county and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that everyone 6 months or older get vaccinated against the flu each year. It is especially important for those at risk of serious complications, such as pregnant women and people with chronic medical conditions, to get the vaccine. Residents should also wash their hands regularly, stay away from sick people and clean surfaces that are touched often.The flu vaccine is available at doctors' offices, local retail pharmacies, community clinics and the county's public health center. Residents can call 2-1-1 or visit the county's immunization program website, sdiz.com, for a list of county locations that are administering the flu vaccine free of charge. 1802

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A shooting near Willie Henderson Sports Complex left a man wounded Friday.The 40-year-old victim was sitting in his vehicle in the 900 block of South 45th Street in Mountain View shortly before noon when a "large" man approached and shot him several times in the upper body, then ran off, according to San Diego police.Medics took the victim to a hospital for treatment of non-life- threatening wounds, Officer Tony Martinez said.It was unclear if the two men knew each other, and the motive for the shooting was unknown. 547

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - An Arizona man who carried out a series of knifepoint rapes in the city of San Diego 24 years ago will be sentenced to 50 years to life in state prison early next year following his guilty plea to six rape counts.Christopher VanBuskirk, 47, of Goodyear, pleaded guilty Monday to threatening the victims with a knife while sexually assaulting them on four occasions between August and November of 1995, according to San Diego police.Deputy District Attorney Martin Doyle said Vanbuskirk also pleaded guilty to two knifepoint rapes committed in Riverside County in March 2002 and November 2004, with the Riverside County District Attorney's Office giving San Diego County prosecutors jurisdiction over those two cases.RELATED: Man accused of sexually assaulting six women since 1995 faces 190 yearsVanbuskirk is slated to be sentenced Feb. 20.Prosecutors said the four San Diego cases occurred twice in the Tierrasanta neighborhood, once in Pacific Beach, and once near San Diego Mesa College. He was identified as a suspect through public-access genealogical databases, which Doyle said was similar to the technology utilized to identify and capture Joseph James DeAngelo, otherwise known as the Golden State Killer.Police said DNA evidence previously linked the San Diego and Riverside county cases, but the identity of the perpetrator was not established until this year.Vanbuskirk was arrested in his home state in May. 1447