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LOS ANGELES, May 23 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory spacecraft (Grail) will begin final preparations for a launch on a Moon mission in late summer, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Monday.The dynamic duo will orbit the moon to determine the structure of the lunar interior from crust to core and to advance understanding of the thermal evolution of the moon, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.After arriving at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida last week, the Grail twins, known as Grail-A and Grail-B, were removed from their shipping containers Monday. Later this week, they will begin functional testing to verify their state of health, said JPL.The twins were shipped from Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.Over the next four months at the Astrotech facility, the spacecraft will undergo final testing, fueling and packaging in the shroud that will protect them as the Delta II launch vehicle lifts them into space. The spacecraft will then be transported to the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station for installation atop the rocket that will carry them toward the moon, JPL said."We're only a few full moons away from a mission that will reveal clues not only into the history of the moon and Earth, but will provide important data for future lunar exploration," said Maria Zuber, Grail's principal investigator, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Grail will be carried into space aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta II Heavy rocket lifting off from Launch Complex-19 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The launch period opens Sept. 8, 2011, and extends through Oct. 19. For a Sept. 8 liftoff, the launch window opens at 5:37 a.m. PDT (8:37 a.m. EDT) and remains open through 6:16 a.m. PDT (9:16 a.m. EDT).Grail-A and Grail-B will fly in tandem orbits around the moon for several months to measure its gravity field in unprecedented detail.The mission will also answer longstanding questions about Earth' s moon, and provide scientists a better understanding of how Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed, according to JPL, which manages the Grail mission.

LONDON, March 15 (Xinhua) -- The moon would be in a "super position" on Saturday, which makes it a "supermoon" and the web is awash with myths about its implications such as connection to recent earthquakes, but that's not the case according to British experts.Technically the so-called "supermoon" means that the moon would be in its perigee, the closest point to earth in its orbit on March 19, and on top of that, it would also be a full moon at the same time.The massive earthquake in Japan just fueled the speculation that the gravitational pull of the "supermoon" will bring chaos to the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanic activities.But "there is little that is special about perigee on March 19," said Dr. Robert Massey, deputy executive secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society. He said the moon will be around 360,000 km from the earth on that day, but this has happened at least 15 times during the last 400 years."There is no reason whatsoever to believe that there is a connection between the so-called 'supermoon' and the recent earthquake," Massey told Xinhua. "There are also no other 'abnormal' phenomena connected with a 'supermoon' other than the high tides that we experience twice every month."Massey was echoed by Dr. Bruce Malamud, a geophysicist in the Department of Geography at King's College London, who that: "A supermoon will not be able to actually influence at all the internal workings of our Planet Earth, as there is so much momentum and mass already stored up, that the actual effect is negligible.""The earthquake took place a full 8 days before the 'supermoon' meaning that the tidal forces exerted by the moon and sun together were near their minimum rather than maximum level, directly contradicting the fearmongers," said Massey.Calling the "supermoon" claims "bogus science," he questioned the motives of those who made such claims on the day that thousands of people died in a severe earthquake and the ensuing tsunami.

LOS ANGELES, May 12 (Xinhua) -- A subsurface ocean of molten or partially molten magma exists beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday."The finding heralds the first direct confirmation of this kind of magma layer at Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system," JPL said in a press release posted on its website.The finding was based on new data analysis from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, said JPL.The research was conducted by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz;, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The study is published this week in the journal Science, JPL said."Scientists are excited we finally understand where Io's magma is coming from and have an explanation for some of the mysterious signatures we saw in some of the Galileo's magnetic field data," said Krishan Khurana, lead author of the study and former co- investigator on Galileo's magnetometer team at UCLA."It turns out Io was continually giving off a 'sounding signal' in Jupiter's rotating magnetic field that matched what would be expected from molten or partially molten rocks deep beneath the surface."Io produces about 100 times more lava each year than all the volcanoes on Earth, according to data released by JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.While Earth's volcanoes occur in localized hotspots like the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean, Io's volcanoes are distributed all over its surface, JPL said, adding that a global magma ocean about 30 to 50 km beneath Io's crust helps explain the moon's activity."It has been suggested that both the Earth and its moon may have had similar magma oceans billions of years ago at the time of their formation, but they have long since cooled," said Torrence Johnson, a former Galileo project scientist based at JPL, an affiliation with NASA."Io's volcanism informs us how volcanoes work and provides a window in time to styles of volcanic activity that may have occurred on the Earth and moon during their earliest history," said Johnson, who was not directly involved in the study.NASA's Voyager spacecraft discovered Io's volcanoes in 1979, making that moon the only body in the solar system other than Earth known to have active magma volcanoes. The energy for the volcanic activity comes from the squeezing and stretching of the moon by Jupiter's gravity as Io orbits the largest planet in the solar system.Galileo was launched in 1989 and began orbiting Jupiter in 1995. Unexplained signatures appeared in magnetic field data from Galileo flybys of Io in October 1999 and February 2000. After a successful mission, the spacecraft was intentionally sent into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2003.

JOHANNESBURG, March 8 (Xinhua) -- In order to combat piracy and to improve maritime safety, South African authorities have begun using a sophisticated navigation satellite system, it was announced on Tuesday.Piracy, especially by Somalis, has been increasing along Africa east coast in recent years. The South African Press Association (SAPA) reported on Tuesday that Karl Otto, head of the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) announced the surveillance tool at a conference in Durban.Called Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), the system monitors and tracks vessels in waters south of the equator.Otto said the introduction of the LRIT followed concerns over the safety of seafarers, the safety standards of ships within South African waters.Otto said there were high levels of cargo at risk, such as fuels and oils.He said reasons for installing the system included the number of shipwrecks along the South African coast, and the threat of pollution of the marine environment by ships."It also serves as a mechanism to prevent piracy."Otto said the satellite system has the capacity to identify and track vessels up to 1,000 nautical miles (1,850 km) from the South African coastline as well as South African-flagged vessels anywhere in the world."This is a revolutionary development in the security of our seas," he said.SAMSA was determined to protect South Africa's seafarers, its coastline and the marine environment, Otto said.

WELLINGTON, May 22 (Xinhua) -- One in every eight women giving birth in a New Zealand hospital last year was Asian, local media reported Sunday.In the country's most populous city, Auckland, 5,149 Asian women gave birth, more than double the number of 15 years ago, the New Zealand Herald reported.Last year was the first year in the city when more Asian women gave birth than indigenous Maori women, who registered 5,015 births.Citing figures from the government statistics agency, Statistics New Zealand, the report said the majority of women nationwide who gave birth last year were still of European descent, accounting for 43,965 of last year's 63,897 births.But more women of other ethnic backgrounds were also becoming mothers, including those from the Middle East, Latin America and Africa.Auckland University head of obstetrics and gynaecology, Professor Lesley McCowan, said the increase reflected New Zealand is an increasingly multicultural society.

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