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NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) — The contest for the year's best country songs happens Wednesday night at the 2018 Country Music Association Awards.The two categories — song of the year and single of the year — look similar with three songs nominated in both, but the writers behind the hits say these awards are hard to predict.Nominees include a monster pop song that went country, country songs that went pop, a message song for the #MeToo era and, of course, drinking songs.Song of the year is awarded to songwriters, while single of the year goes to the artist, producer and mixing engineer.The CMA Awards will air live from Nashville Wednesday at 8 p.m. on ABC10. Here's a look at the single and song of the year nominees.______"Drowns the Whiskey" by Jason Aldean featuring Miranda Lambert, nominated for single and song of the year:This song was originally pitched for country singer Tyler Farr, explains Josh Thompson, who co-wrote the song with Brandon Kinney and Jeff Middleton. When it didn't make Farr's album, Aldean grabbed it and turned it into a No. 1 hit.The three writers were on the road in 2013 when they wrote it, staying up until 4:30 in the morning while drinking whiskey to finish it, Thompson said."I am huge believer in the idea that you've got to get in the character of your song," he said.Thompson said the twist on a whiskey song and the opening line make it unique, but the production and turning it into a duet made the song sound like a new classic."It feels modern and timeless at the same time and the smoky Miranda notes in there just send it through the roof," he said.______"Broken Halos" by Chris Stapleton, nominated for single and song of the year:Mike Henderson has written with Stapleton for years, long before they were both in the bluegrass band The Steeldrivers and way before Stapleton broke out with his 2015 solo debut, "Traveller.""I was reading Keith Richards' biography and he had a chapter called 'Broken Halos,' and as soon I saw it, I was like, 'Whoa, song title," Henderson said.The track won the best country song Grammy earlier this year, making it a strong contender in both CMA categories, and the emotional way Stapleton sings the song makes it a fan favorite."We've had a lot of folks say that the song had a really special meaning for them — people that have lost a loved one, who had been through some personal tragedy," Henderson said. "It does seem to touch people, which as a songwriter, you're trying to do."______"Tequila" by Dan + Shay, nominated for single and song of the year:Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney genuinely love tequila. They drink it on tour and at home, but the duo wasn't really looking for party song about getting drunk."So we flipped that," said Smyers. "Tequila was basically the trigger that took you back to a certain place, so it's a nostalgic heartbreak song, which is kind of Dan + Shay's wheelhouse."The song, co-written with Nicolle Galyon and Jordan Reynolds, crossed from country to pop radio, even peaking at No. 21 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. Smyers said he's sees the crossover success as an advantage in building fans among people who don't traditionally listen to country music."This could be their gateway into country," Smyers said. "They hear that song and say, 'I love that,' and flip over to the country station."______"Meant to Be" by Bebe Rexha and Florida Georgia Line, nominated for single of the year:It's the song that has dominated country music for all of 2018. The inescapable, record-breaking monster hit has surpassed 1 billion streams, achieved four-times platinum status and reached No. 2 on the Hot 100 chart.Songwriter David Garcia wrote the song in Los Angeles with Rexha, FGL's Tyler Hubbard and songwriter Josh Miller and it was originally released on Rexha's 2017 EP, "All Your Fault: Pt. 2.""There is a little more merging of L.A. and Nashville now more than ever," Garcia said.Garcia said while he'd love to see the song win, he's not putting any bets down. He attributes the song's success in part to Rexha's huge streaming popularity.But it's also a polarizing contender with many arguing it's not a true country song and its crossover success could turn off some more traditionally-minded CMA voters.Garcia said he doesn't concern himself with those critics."I believe we're in an amazing place where the fans and the listeners decide what their favorite songs are," he said. "I think the song is undeniable in what it is."______"Body Like a Back Road" by Sam Hunt, nominated for song of the year, and "Drinkin' Problem" by Midland, nominated for single of the year:Both songs were created in part by the songwriting-producing power duo Shane McAnally and Josh Osborne, but they are on different spectrums of the genre.Sam Hunt's 2017 hit crossed to pop and became a five-times platinum success with a catchy, finger-snapping rhythm. But even McAnally admits to being a bit surprised about seeing it pop up on the nominee list again after it lost last year in the same category ("Better Man," written by Taylor Swift for Little Big Town, won the prize).Even though it was not released in the eligibility period, Hunt's song made the second ballot because it remained a Top 5 country single. The fact that "Body Like a Back Road" hasn't won any CMA Awards, despite being nominated three times, suggests that pop crossovers might not be the key factor to winning."There's a five-way race for this one," McAnally said of the song of the year category. "There's not a 'Girl Crush' that feels like a steamroller. I just don't know who could win."Meanwhile, Midland broke out as a neo-traditionalist band with "Drinkin' Problem," a George Strait-style throwback."I would love to see it win single of the year because of its traditional sound," McAnally said. "(Single of the year) is about commercial impact, but I've always thought about it as the sound of the record."______"Drunk Girl" by Chris Janson, nominated for song of the year:Most country singers steer away from politically charged topics, but during the #MeToo movement, Janson had a pointed message for men. "Take the drunk girl home," he sings, and walk away.Janson said he wrote the song with Tom Douglas and Scooter Carusoe long before #MeToo spread virally last year, but with Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings this year, the song was relevant enough to gain a nomination."I am not really a soapbox guy," Janson said. "I just write what I write and sing what I sing. I do believe in the message very powerfully and I am glad that it is connecting."CMA voters do like message songs: Tim McGraw's "Humble and Kind" and Kacey Musgraves' "Follow Your Arrow" both won because they had something important to say. But the bluntness of the song has given some critics pause, most notably when a New Yorker column called it a "#MeToo misfire."But Janson says he's not trying to appeal to everyone."I've never really tried to sell this song to anybody or shove it down anybody's throat," he said. 6996

More studies seem to indicate there is some connection between a person’s severity of COVID-19 symptoms and their blood type. However, experts agree more research is needed and these studies do not allow people with certain blood types to disregard pandemic safety precautions.The two latest studies, one from Denmark and one from Canada, both appear to show that people with blood type O may be slightly less vulnerable to COVID-19 and have a reduced chance of getting severely ill.In the Danish study, researchers looked at more than 7,400 people who tested positive for COVID-19. Of those, 38.4 percent had blood type O, while other research indicates that blood type makes up about 41.7 percent of the population.In the Canadian study, they looked at the length of hospital stays for 95 people critically ill with the coronavirus. They found the portion of patients who needed mechanical ventilation was higher in those with blood type A or AB when compared with a group of patients with blood type O or B.Researchers also found the blood type A or AB group had longer stays in the intensive care unit, a median of 13.5 days, compared to the other group with blood type O or B who had a median of 9 days."I don't think this supersedes other risk factors of severity like age and co-morbities and so forth,” Dr. Mypinder Sekhon, who is a clinical assistant professor in the Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine at the University of British Columbia told CNN."If one is blood group A, you don't need to start panicking. And if you're blood group O, you're not free to go to the pubs and bars."Researchers say this information could be used in some way in regard to treatment of COVID-19. Both studies were published in the journal Blood Advances this week.Previous studies have indicated similar results in patients with blood type O.In July, a study looking at 1,600 patients in Spain and Italy showed slightly higher rates of severe respiratory failure in patients with blood type A compared to those with blood type O.Also this summer, the genealogy website 23andMe.com released data they collected from 750,000 participants who identified they have tested positive for COVID-19.“Individuals with O blood type are between 9-18% percent less likely than individuals with other blood types to have tested positive for COVID-19, according to the data,” a company statement said at the time. 2425

MORGANTOWN, W.V. – Murder hornets have had their time in the spotlight. Now, scientists say they've discovered “zombie cicadas.”It's a playful name from researchers at West Virginia University, who say they've found that a parasitic fungus, called Massospora, can play mind games on cicadas, causing them to infect others.Researcher showed that the psychedelic fungus can manipulate male cicadas into flicking their wings like females – a mating call – which tempts unsuspecting male cicadas and infects them.The fungus contains chemicals like those found in hallucinogenic mushrooms, according to research published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.“Essentially, the cicadas are luring others into becoming infected because their healthy counterparts are interested in mating,” said Brian Lovett, study co-author and post-doctoral researcher with the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design. “The bioactive compounds may manipulate the insect to stay awake and continue to transmit the pathogen for longer.”The authors of the study compared the effects of the fungus to a “B-horror movie.” Massospora spores gnaw away at a cicada’s genitals, butt and abdomen, replacing them with fungal spores. Then, Lovett says they “wear away like an eraser on a pencil.”Lovett also compared the transmission of the behavior-modifying virus to rabies. He says both rabies and entomopathogenic fungi enlist their living hosts for successful “active host transmission.”“When you're infected with rabies, you become aggressive, you become afraid of water and you don't swallow,” Lovett said. “The virus is passed through saliva and all of those symptoms essentially turn you into a rabies-spreading machine where you're more likely to bite people."In that sense, Lovett says many of us are familiar with active host transmission.“Since we are also animals like insects, we like to think we have complete control over our decisions and we take our freewill for granted,” he said. “But when these pathogens infect cicadas, it's very clear that the pathogen is pulling the behavioral levers of the cicada to cause it to do things which are not in the interest of the cicada but is very much in the interest of the pathogen.”Researchers say cicada nymphs could encounter Massospora in their 17th year as they emerge from the ground to molt into adults or on their way down to feed on roots for 17 years.“The fungus could more or less lay in wait inside its host for the next 17 years until something awakens it, perhaps a hormone cue, where it possibly lays dormant and asymptomatic in its cicada host,” said co-author Matthew Kasson.As grotesque as an infected decaying cicada sounds, researchers say they’re generally harmless to humans. They also reproduce at such a rate that the fungi’s extermination of hordes of cicadas has little effect on their overall population.“They're very docile,” Lovett said. “You can walk right up to one, pick it up to see if it has the fungus (a white to yellowish plug on its back end) and set it back down. They’re not a major pest in any way. They’re just a really interesting quirky insect that’s developed a bizarre lifestyle." 3172

Moderna is asking American regulators to allow emergency use of its COVID-19 vaccine. It says its final results show the vaccine is 94% effective.The drug maker says it had 196 COVID-19 cases so far in its study. It says 185 of those participants received the placebo, while 11 got the real vaccine. The 30 people who became seriously ill in the trial didn't get the vaccine.FDA advisors are expected to look at all the evidence on December 17. They'll be checking out Pfizer’s vaccine on December 10.Pfizer and Moderna's success with their COVID-19 trials could impact how vaccines are made in the future.It has to do with how they work. They use what's called messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. The virus' genetic code is injected into the body so it can instruct cells on what antibodies to produce.It hasn't been approved to be used in a commercial vaccine before.“In the future, it's clearly going to be tough to beat RNA vaccines for speed and that's a wonderful thing. Just this demonstration of how incredibly fast they can move has been great. How effective they can be, I think will depend on a particular disease,” said Shane Crotty, Ph.D. with the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty says the narrowest application for this vaccine technology in the future is a similar situation where there's a new emerging virus."The mRNA vaccine has been tried for other infectious diseases and they have been investigated for cancer. There's a whole area of trying to vaccine against cancer, which has kind of been an elusive target,” said Dr. Alessandro Sette with the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.A big question with an mRNA vaccine is how long its protection will last. While there is encouraging findings, there's no historical comparison to look at.A big thing experts say has helped with a vaccine is there has been a lot of money put towards manufacturing before we even knew it would work.Click here to learn more about mRNA vaccines. 1958

NATIONAL CITY, Calif (KGTV) -- The National City Elementary Teachers Association reached a contract settlement with the National School District Tuesday.Under the settlement, teachers will receive a 2 percent on-schedule increase, retroactive to January 2018.The settlement also makes changes to health and welfare benefits. The district increased its maximum contribution by 0 to go toward medical, dental, vision care and life insurance premiums, bringing the total to ,000 for full time employees.RELATED: National City elementary school teachers vote to approve strike  “We had faith in our productive relationship with the National City Elementary Teachers Association and are pleased to come to this agreement together,” said Superintendent Leighangela Brady. “By using 2018-2019 Local Control and Accountability Plan funding, we are providing a 2 percent on-schedule raise to attract and retain teachers for our exceptional District.”The tentative agreement will now go to members of the association for approval. After it gains approval, the agreement will be presented to school board members for ratification.Earlier in May, teachers voted to approve a strike after growing frustrated over how negotiations with the National School District were going.  1287