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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In need of a summer job? Why not spend your days at Del Mar?The San Diego County Fair is hiring for seasonal positions helping in a variety of ways at the fairgrounds, from exhibit workers and parking attendants to more specialized positions like EMTs, electricians, and mechanics.One perk to working at the fair: Free admission during your time there, according to the fair.MORE SD FAIR INFO: What to know |Admission discounts | Parking and transportation | Rides and games | Fair foods | Concert headlinersAs of May 15, the fair has 315 positions that are still open.For jobs with vendors working at the fairgrounds this summer, openings will be posted on May 15 and then again on May 29.To check out what summer jobs are currently open, visit the fairground's website here. 803

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Jurors have reached their verdict in the trial of a man accused of killing a Navy sailor on a Logan Heights freeway ramp in 2018.Edson Acuna, 26, was found guilty of first-degree murder, robbery, and several other charges in connection with the murder of 21-year-old Curtis Adams on Oct. 27, 2018. Adams was driving on I-15 at about 2 a.m., when he came upon what appeared to be a disabled vehicle. As Adams got out of his vehicle to check on the car's occupants when he was shot.Prosecutors say Acuna and three others had burglarized a Mt. Hope home that night, before getting into a shootout with the home's residents. As they fled, one of their vehicle's tires were shot out. RELATED COVERAGE:Closing arguments in trial for man accused of killing Navy sailor on freewayGunman kills good Samaritan in I-15 shooting near Mountain ViewSuspect in shooting of Navy sailor on freeway has criminal historyMurder suspect's brother arrested in Mexico, charged with Good Samaritan's deathAfter they pulled over, prosecutors say Acuna and the others believed the Navy man to be the homeowner and opened fire. Adam's girlfriend was also in the car with him at the time of the shooting.Acuna's 22-year-old brother, Brandon, and two other co-defendants, Harvey Liberato, 25, and Susana Galvan, 39, have pleaded guilty to charges including voluntary manslaughter and being an accessory after the fact.Adams enlisted in the Navy in 2016. At the time of his death, he worked as a steelworker with Amphibious Construction Battalion 1 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado.Acuna was also found guilty of burglary, possession of firearm by a felon, transporting assault weapon, possession of assault weapon, prohibited person holding or possessing ammunition, and carrying loaded firearm in a vehicle. He was found not guilty of shooting at an inhabited structure, building or aircraft.He's set to be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole on April 10. 1965

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s one of the few drugs shown to help fight the novel coronavirus, and a large federal study on remdesivir just entered a new phase.Previous research sponsored by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease showed remdesivir shortened recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on average from 15 days to 11 days.Now scientists and doctors are racing to find the perfect cocktail against COVD-19 by blending remdesivir with other drugs.California-based Gilead Sciences originally developed the drug to fight Ebola, but remdesivir was never approved. Gilead Sciences has offices in Oceanside.The drug works by interrupting the virus’ ability to replicate.“Remdesivir acts by shutting down virus production,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at University of California San Francisco. “It just forces the virus to stop making virus children.”Dr. Chin-Hong is studying remdesivir as part of the NIAID research.The problem is that stopping the virus from replicating isn’t enough for some severely ill patients. They suffer from a second problem: massive inflammation from the immune system’s war with the virus.That’s why scientists are trying a cocktail approach.“You have the virus to take care of, but you also have the body's response to the virus, which is inflammation, that you also have to take care of,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.Researchers started testing the first drug cocktail in May, using an arthritis drug called baricitinib that tames inflammation.But as the data on that part of the study gets crunched, researchers began testing the second cocktail this month, a combination of remdesivir and interferon beta.“Interferon beta is something we produce naturally to fight viruses,” said Dr. Chin-Hong. He said studies have shown people who don’t produce enough interferon beta struggle to fight off the virus.Researchers selected interferon beta after two small studies showed promising results against the coronavirus.Interferon beta can both reduce inflammation and kill viruses, so doctors are hoping it will be a potent one-two punch with remdesivir.Dr. Chin-Hong said he and other researchers started administering the new cocktail this month.Some patients will receive the cocktail, some will receive a placebo, and some will get remdesivir only. This kind of clinical trial is called an adaptive trial, which the FDA started encouraging in 2004. After each phase, the winning drug or cocktail will be tested against a new challenger.Dr. Chin-Hong said the eventual cocktail may include three or more drugs, similar to HIV medication. 2617

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It seemed to be an instant match for actress Kaley Cuoco.The "Big Bang Theory" star cried tears of joy when she found "the ones" in two pet rabbits adopted from San Diego County's Gaines Street animal shelter earlier this week.In a video posted to Instagram by Cuoco's fiancé, North San Diego County resident Karl Cook, Cuoco is seen with one of her new pets in hand belated with the new family members. 435